Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIO104 > Topic 1 General Ecology > Flashcards

Topic 1 General Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

is a broad discipline comprising many sub-disciplines.

A common broad classification, moving from the lowest to highest complexity, where complexity is defined as the number of entities and processes in the system under study.

A

ECOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

investigates the interactions among
organisms and between organisms and their
environment.

A

ECOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The 7 principles of ecology

A
  1. Nature knows best.
  2. All forms of life are equally important.
  3. Everything is connected to everything else.
  4. Everything changes.
  5. Everything must go somewhere.
  6. Ours is a finite Earth.
  7. Nature is beautiful and we are stewards of God’s creation.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the comprehensive science of the
relationship of the organism to the
environment

A

Ernst Haeckel 1866

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

scientific natural history

A

Charles Elton 1927

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

“the study concerned with the distribution of
organisms”

A

Andrewarta, H.G. & Birch 1954

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the study of the structure & function of nature

A

Eugene P. Odum 1963

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

“The scientific study of the interactions that
determine the distribution and abundance of organisms”

A

Charles J. Krebs 1972

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

“an ecosystem is a sum total of living organisms, the environment and the process of interaction between the various components of the ecosystem”

A

According to S. Mathavan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

“The scientific study of the processes influencing the distribution and abundance of organisms, the interaction among organisms, and the interaction between organisms and flux of energy and matter.”

A

CARY INSTITUTE OF ECOSYSTEM STUDIES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the study of relationships between living
organisms and their interactions with the natural or developed environment

A

ENCARTA 2009 study of organisms and the
environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Components of ecology

A

People
Issues
Species
Activities
Habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

HIERARCHY OF ECOLOGY

Studies focus on individuals.
* Physiological or behavioral ecology

A

Organism level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HIERARCHY OF ECOLOGY

Studies examine groups of conspecific organisms living in a particular area

A

Population-level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

HIERARCHY OF ECOLOGY

Studies investigate interactions between the populations of various species in an area.

A

Community level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

HIERARCHY OF ECOLOGY

Studies examine how a community interacts with the physical environment.

A

Ecosystem-level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ENVIRONMENT AND NICHE

Can withstand a variety of environmental conditions.

A

Generalists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ENVIRONMENT AND NICHE

Can only tolerate a narrow range.

A

Specialists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describes the total potential role that an organism could fill under ideal circumstances.

A

Fundamental niche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

describes the actual role an organism fills.
* Subset of the fundamental niche.
* Affected by competition

A

Realized niche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The study of populations in relation to environment, including environmental influences on population density and distribution, age structure, and variations in population size

A

Population ecology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Is a reproductively interactive group of individuals of a single species.
* A few individuals may migrate between populations.
* Adds gene flow
* Prevents speciation

A

Population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Is an age-specific summary of the survival pattern of a population.

A

A life table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Is a graphic way of representing the data in a life table.

A

Survivorship curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Survivorship curves can be classified into three general types:
* Type I – high survival early in life indicates parental care of fewer offspring. * Type II – constant death rate over life span * Type III – drops sharply at start indicating high death rate for young; lots of young, no care.
26
Populations that contain multiple cohorts exhibit ____?
Age structure.
27
Species that exhibit ____ or “big-bang” reproduction reproduce a single time and die.
Semelparity
28
Species that exhibit ____ or repeated reproduction, produce offspring repeatedly over time.
Iteroparity
29
Occurs when the birth rate equals the death rate.
Zero population growth
30
Is population increase under idealized conditions J-shaped curves
Exponential population growth
31
When the per capita rate of increase declines as carrying capacity is reached. S-shaped curves
Logistic growth model,
32
Selects for life history traits that are sensitive to population density. * Few, but larger offspring, parental care
K-selection, or density-dependent selection
33
Selects for life history traits that maximize reproduction. * Many small offspring, no parental care.
R-selection, or density-independent selection
34
Abiotic limiting factors such as a storm or a fire are ____, their effect does not change with population density
Density-independent
35
Biotic factors such as competition or predation or parasitism act in a ____ way – the effect does change with population density.
Density-dependent
36
Examines the interactions among the various populations in a community.
Community ecology
37
Beneficial for one, neutral for the other
Commensalism
38
Beneficial for both
Mutualism
39
A type of interaction that has a negative effect on both
Competition
40
Occurs when only one of the competitors incurs a cost
Amensalism
41
Occurs when two or more species share a limiting resource
Competition
42
The interaction between two species in an ecosystem can often be influenced by a third species
Intraspecific competition, Interspecific competition
43
The principle of ____ suggests that organisms with exactly the same niche can’t co-occur. * One will drive the other out
Competitive exclusion
44
occurs when the species partition the resource, using different parts of it. * Appears as differences in morphology
Character displacement
45
Species that exploit a resource in a similar way form a ____.
Guild
46
Refers to an interaction where one species, the predator, kills and eats the other, the prey.
Predation
47
camouflage makes prey difficult to spot
Cryptic coloration
48
Warns predators to stay away from prey.
Aposematic coloration
49
Batesian mimicry
a palatable or harmless species mimics an unpalatable or harmful model
50
Müllerian mimicry
Two or more unpalatable species resemble each other.
51
Keystone species
_____ are not necessarily abundant in a community. * They exert strong control on a community by their ecological roles, or niches
52
Consists of all the organisms living in a community as well as all the abiotic factors with which they interact
An ecosystem
53
An ecosystem is the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy by autotrophs during a given time period
Primary production
54
Total primary production in an ecosystem is known as that ecosystem's
Gross primary production (GPP).
55
An ecosystem is the amount of chemical energy in consumers’ food that is converted to their own new biomass during a given period of time
Secondary production
56
Is the percentage of production transferred from one trophic level to the next.
Trophic efficiency
57
Represents the number of individual organisms in each trophic level
Pyramid of numbers
58
comprises: * The genetic variation within a population. * The genetic variation between populations
Genetic diversity
59
Is the variety of species in an ecosystem or throughout the biosphere.
Species diversity
60
Identifies the variety of ecosystems in the biosphere
Ecosystem diversity
61
Is one that is in danger of becoming extinct throughout its range.
Endangered species
62
Those that are considered likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future
Threatened species
63
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
* Purification of air and water. * Detoxification and decomposition of wastes. * Cycling of nutrients. * Moderation of weather extremes. * And many others.
64
FOUR MAJOR THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY
* Habitat destruction * Introduced species * Overexploitation * Disruption of “interaction networks
65
increases local extinction and speciation.
Habitat fragmentation
66
The largest extinction in Earth's history
Permian

BIO104 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions