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physics > topic 1 - forces and motion > Flashcards

topic 1 - forces and motion Flashcards

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1
Q

how to plot a distance time graph and how to interpret it

A
  • y axis shows distance
  • x axis shows time
  • straight line means constant velocity
  • the steeper the line, the faster the object is travelling
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2
Q

relationship between average speed, time taken and distance moved

A

average speed = distance moved/time taken

v = d/t

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3
Q

investigating motion independent variable

A

distance

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4
Q

investigating motion dependent variable

A

time

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5
Q

investigating motion control variable

A

same tennis for each measurement

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6
Q

investigating motion method

A
  • measure height of 1m using metre ruler
  • drop tennis ball from this height
  • use stopwatch to time how long it takes to reach the bottom
  • record distance (1m) and time taken
  • repeat steps 2-3 and take an average
  • repeat steps 1-4 for heights 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8
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7
Q

relationship between acceleration, change in velocity and time taken

A

acceleration = change in velocity/time taken

a = (v-u)/t

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8
Q

how to plot a velocity time graph and how to interpret it

A
  • velocity on y axis
  • time on x axis
  • straight line shows constant acceleration or deceleration
  • gentle slope means small acceleration
  • positive gradient shows increasing velocity
  • negative gradient shows decreasing velocity
  • flat line means acceleration is 0 - its moving at a constant velocity
  • acceleration = gradient
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9
Q

what does the area under a velocity-time graph show

A

distance travelled by object

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10
Q

how to find acceleration using gradient of a velocity-time graph

A

gradient = acceleration = change in velocity/change in time

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11
Q

relationship between final speed, initial speed, acceleration and distance moved

A

acceleration = (final speed^2 - initial speed^2)/2 x distance moved

a = (v^2 - u^2)/2s

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12
Q

effects between forces between bodies

A

change in speed, shape or direction

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13
Q

9 forces

A

gravitational, weight, thrust, up thrust, friction, electrostatic, air resistance, tension, lift

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14
Q

what are vectors

A

quantities with magnitude and direction

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15
Q

what are scalars

A

quantities with only magnitude

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16
Q

is force a vector or scalar

A

a vector as it has magnitude and direction

17
Q

how to calculate resultant force

A

object —–> 60N
—> 30N
= 90N to the right

10N <– object —–> 30N
= 20N to the right

18
Q

what is friction and what does it oppose

A

friction is caused by surfaces rubbing. the force always acts in the opposite direction to motion

19
Q

relationship between force, mass and acceleration

A

force = mass x acceleration
F = m x a

20
Q

relationship between weight, mass and gravitational field strength

A

weight = mass x gravitational field strength

W = m x g

21
Q

how to calculate stopping distance

A

thinking distance + breaking distance

22
Q

4 things affecting thinking distance

A
  • alcohol
  • drugs
  • tiredness
  • speed of car
23
Q

5 things affecting breaking distance

A
  • road conditions
  • tyre conditions
  • brake conditions
  • speed of car
  • mass of car
24
Q

describe forces acting on a falling object

A
  • Initially the only force is weight as drag is proportional to velocity, so the object accelerates downwards.
  • As it accelerates the velocity increases so the drag increases as well, meaning there is a smaller resultant force downwards so a smaller acceleration.
  • eventually the object reaches a speed where the drag is equal to the weight meaning there is no acceleration, this velocity is know as terminal velocity.
25
Q

method for investigating how extension varies with applied force for helical springs, metal wires and rubber bands

A
  1. Set up your apparatus as shown in the
  2. Measure the length of your spring without
    any hanging masses.
  3. Hang a mass of 100g on the spring
  4. Measure the new length of the spring
  5. Calculate the extension of the spring
  6. Repeat steps 3-5 for increasing the mass
    in increments of 100g
  7. Take note of your results in the table.
26
Q

what is Hooke’s law

A

extension is directly proportional to force applied. this is shown in a straight line on a graph

27
Q

what is elastic behaviour

A

Elastic behaviour is the ability of a material to recover original shape after the force is removed.

physics (6 decks)

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