Topic 1 - Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

cell definition

Answer 1

The smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions

Question 2

Prokaryotes

Answer 2

A single cell organism that does not contain a nucleus. Cells without a membrane-bound structures. e.g. bacteria

Question 3

Eukaryotes

Answer 3

With membrane-bound structures. e.g. animals, fungi, plants and protists

Question 4

Organelle

Answer 4

sub-cellular structures within a cell

Question 5

Tissue

Answer 5

A collection of similar specialised cells performing a specific function

Question 6

Organ

Answer 6

Collections of tissues performing specific functions

Question 7

Organ System

Answer 7

group of organs working together

Question 8

Organism

Answer 8

lots of organ systems working together

Question 9

Cell membrane

Answer 9

Allows food, oxygen and water into the cell and waste products out of the cell.

Question 10

Cytoplasm

Answer 10

• gelatin-like inside cell membrane
• constantly flows
• aka protoplasm

Question 11

cytoskeleton

Answer 11

• scaffolding-like structure in cytoplasm
• helps the cell maintain or change its shape
• made of protein

Question 12

Nucleus

Answer 12

• Directs all cell activities
• Contains instructions for everything the cell does
• These instructions are found on a hereditary material called DNA.
• Usually the largest organelle

Question 13

Nucleolus

Answer 13

Found in the nucleus

Question 14

Chromatin

Answer 14

• contains genetic code that controls cell
• made of DNA and proteins

Question 15

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 15

• seperate nucleus from cytoplasm
• controls movement of materials in and out of nucleus

Question 16

Mitochondria

Answer 16

• Organelles that release energy from food.
• This energy is released by breaking down food into carbon dioxide.
• AKA the powerhouse because they release energy from food
• Some muscle cells have 20,000 mitochondria

Question 17

Ribosomes

Answer 17

• Make proteins
• Float freely or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum ER
• Ribosomes are made in the nucleus

Question 18

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 18

• A series of folded membranes that move materials around in a cell like a conveyor belt
• Smooth ER - ribosomes not attached to ER [lipids]
• Rough ER - ribosomes attached to ER [proteins]

Question 19

Golgi Bodies

Answer 19

• Stacked flattened membranes
• Sort and package proteins

Question 20

Lysosomes

Answer 20

• The word ‘lysosome’ is Latin for ‘kill body.’
• The purpose of the lysosome is to digest things. They might be used to digest food or break down the cell when it dies.
• Break down food molecules, cell wastes and worn out cell parts

Question 21

Permanent Vacuoles

Answer 21

• Temporary storage spaces
• Store food. water, waste

Question 22

Cell Wall

Answer 22

• protects the cell
• gives shape
• is made of cellulose
• A cell wall is found in plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria

Question 23

Chloroplasts

Answer 23

• Green organelles that make food
• Found only in plant cells

Question 24

Chlorophyll

Answer 24

• A green pigment that gives leaves and stems their color
• Captures sunlight energy that is used to produce food called glucose
• Glucose is a type of sugar

Question 25

Centriole

Answer 25

Helps organise the cell when its divided

Question 26

Golgi apparatus appearance

Answer 26

Often like a WiFi symbol