Topic 1 - Enzymes Flashcards
what type of structure are enzymes
globular proteins
when are enzymes produced
during protein synthesis as the mRNA transcribed from the DNA molecule is translated
why do enzymes show great specificity
because they have very specific shape as a result of their primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures, meaning that each enzyme will only catalyse a specific reaction
why do changes in temperature and pH affect the efficiency of an enzyme
they affect the intramolecular bonds within the protein that are responsible for shape of the molecule
give 2 examples of intracellular enzymes
DNA polymerase and DNA ligase
give 1 example of an extracellular enzyme
lysozyme
what is a catalyst
a substance that speeds up a reaction without getting used up
what is an enzyme
proteins that have a specific shape as a result of their primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures. They act as biological catalysts and each enzyme catalyses a specific reaction
what does specificity mean
the characteristics of enzymes that means that, as a result of the specific shapes resulting from their tertiary and quaternary structures, each enzyme will only catalyse a specific reaction
what is an anabolic reaction
the reaction that produces new molecules in cell
what is a catabolic reaction
a reaction that breaks down substances within a cell
what is metabolism
the sum of anabolic and catabolic processes in a cell
what is a metabolic pathway
a series of linked reactions in the metabolism of the cell
what is an intracellular enzyme
an enzyme that catalyses a reaction within a cell
what is an extracellular enzyme
an enzyme which catalyses a reaction outside the cell
