Topic 1 Environmental Chemistry Flashcards
What is the test for proteins
Biuret Solution (Blue to purple)
What is the test for glucose
Benedict’s Solution (Blue to Yellow-Orange
What is the test for lipids
Brown Paper (Spot that lets light pass through
What is the test for starches
Iodine (Red-Brown to Blue-Black)
What is produced after neutralization
Water and A SALT
What is diffusion?
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, requires no energy
What is osmosis
Osmosis is the DIFFUSION of water
What is solid waste? Can it be recycled?
Garbage collected from households, industrial plants, commercial buildings, etc.
Some solid waste can be recycled but most of it ends up in a landfill
What do these numbers mean on a fertilizer label:
15-30-15
15% Nitrogen
30% Phosphorus
15% Potassium
Sulfur is a fourth element in some fertilizers
What is a pesticide
Pesticides are chemicals used to kill pests
There are also herbicides and insecticides
What is pollution
Any change in the environment that produce a condition that is harmful to living things
What is nitrogen fixation?
Nitrogen Fixation is the process of changing free nitrogen to form compounds that organisms can use
Name 3 ways free nitrogen can be changed into useable nitrogen
1) Bacteria in root nodules
2) Lightning
3) Decomposers break down waste, release nitrogen compounds into soil
Name 2 ways nitrogen is released back into the air
1) Bacteria
2) Water carrying nitrogen deep into the ground to the point it is unusable
Name 2 reasons why pesticides are bad
1) Loss of Food
2) Pests develop a resistance to the pesticide
Why are landfills lined with clay?
Clay is impermeable so any solutions found in the landfill can’t enter the soil and groundwater
What is a septic tank?
An underground container where bacteria break down the organic materials before they are moved out to the soil
What is sewage?
Wastewater containing dissolved and undissolved materials from your kitchen, bathroom and laundry
What is effluent?
Liquid waste found in rivers that is treated
What are fossil fuels?
Anything formed from dead plants and animals. They are called hydrocarbons because they primarily contain hydrogen and carbon. However they can contain other elements such as Mercury or lead
What is the reaction equation for fuel combustion?
Hydrocarbon+Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide+Water+Energy
If a substance contains hydrogen sulfide, what is it called? How about if it has no hydrogen sulfide?
Hydrogen Sulfide Present= “Sour” Gas
Hydrogen Sulfide Absent= “Sweet” Gas
What is an acid? Give an example of a STRONG and WEAK acid
A substance that dissolves in water that has a pH <7
Strong: Battery Acid (0.5), Lemon Juice (2.0)
Weak: Milk (6.0), Normal Rain (5.6)
What is a base? Give an example of a STRONG and WEAK base
A substance that dissolves in water that has a pH >7
STRONG: Drain Cleaner (13.8), Ammonia (12.0)
WEAK: Baking Soda (8.2), Some soils and lakes in Alberta (8.0)
