Topic 1 - Energy Flashcards by Cali Foster

Energy cannot be…

Created or destroyed

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Energy can be…

Transferred, stored or dissipated

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What does ‘work done’ mean?

Energy transferred

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A person throws a ball in the air. What are the energy types?

Chemical to kinetic

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A ball falls from a height. What are the energy types?

Gravitational potential energy to kinetic

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When an object speeds up, where is energy transferred?

To the kinetic energy store

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When an object slows down, where is energy transferred?

Out of the kinetic energy store

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Kinetic energy =

Half x mass x speed2

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What is the generally used gravitational field strength for Earth?

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Gravitational potential energy =

Mass x height x gravitational field strength

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What is the name for when something has stretched so far it cannot relapse to its original state?

Limit of proportionality

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Elastic potential energy =

Half x spring constant x extension

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Specific heat capacity is…

How much energy is needed to heat 1kg of a substance by 1 degree

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Change in thermal energy = specific heat capacity x …

Mass x temperature change

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What is power measured in? (2)

Watts or joules per second

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Power = E…

Energy/time

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Power = W…

Work done/time

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What does conduction occur in?

Solids

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What does convection occur in?

Liquids and gases

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What will warmer particles do?

Rise

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What do particles do in conduction to transfer energy?

Vibrate

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What do particles do in convection?

Move from hotter to cooler

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What does a convection current require?

A constant heat source

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What do you use to reduce energy transferred by friction?

Lubricant

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What is in between the inner and outer layers of a cavity wall? (2)

Air or foam

What does foam do that air doesn’t in a cavity wall?

Reduce convection

What does loft insulation do?

Reduce convection currents

What type of window works similar to a cavity wall?

Double-glazed windows

What do you put around doors and windows to reduce energy transfer by convection?

Draught excluders

The less energy wasted the more _____ a device is.

Efficient

Efficiency =

Useful energy output/Total energy output

What type of devices are 100% efficient?

Electric heaters

What type of energy is usually waste energy?

Thermal

What are the main fossil fuels? (3)

Coal, oil and gas

What do renewable energy sources provide less of?

Energy

What do non-renewable energy sources do to the environment?

More damage

What do renewable energy sources do to the environment?

Less damage

Why are non-renewables unreliable?

Weather

What type of energy source are petrol and diesel?

Non-renewable

Where does one build a wind turbine?

Exposed places

What do people mostly complain about in regards to wind turbines?

Aesthetics

What percent of the time do wind turbine produce electricity?

75-80%

What do wind turbines use to generate electricity?

Wind

What do solar panels use to generate electricity?

Sun

Where does geothermal power get energy from?

Underground

What does geothermal have going for it that solar and wind do not?

Reliability

What does hydro-electric power require?

Flooding a valley by building a dam

How does hydro-electricity actually get energy?

The flooding water goes through turbines

What does wave power have in common with wind power?

Turbines

What are wave power turbines a hazard to?

Boats

What do wave turbines disturb?

The seabed and lives of marine animals

What is a tidal barrage?

Similar to dams, built across river estuaries and contain turbines

How are tides produced?

Gravitational pull of sun and moon

What makes tides reliable?

The happen twice a day

What makes tides unreliable?

Their height can vary

What are bio-fuels made from?

Plants and waste

Are bio-fuels solid, liquid or gas?

Any!

What can power plant respond quickly to that renewable energy sources cannot?

Increased demand for energy

Are the running costs or power plants expensive?

What do coal, oil and gas release when burned?

Carbon dioxide

What effect does CO2 add to?

The greenhouse effect

The soulful dioxide released from burning coal and oil causes what?

Acid rain

What does acid rain damage?

Trees, soil, ecosystems

What do oil spillages cause?

Environmental problems

What is awkward about nuclear waste?

Highly dangerous and difficult to dispose of

What does nuclear power carry the risk of?

Disaster / catastrophe

Over the 20th century, what has happened to electricity use in Britain?

Huge increase

Since the start of the 21st century, what has happened to electricity use in Britain?

Slowly decreased

Why has electricity use in Britain decreased recently? (2)

More efficient appliances and more awareness of wasting energy

Where do we get most of our electricity?

Fossil fuels and nuclear power

Why else do we burn fossil fuels for energy, other than electricity? (3)

Cars, heating, cooking