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Physics GCSE AQA > Topic 1 - Energy > Flashcards

Topic 1 - Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

Energy cannot be…

A

Created or destroyed

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2
Q

Energy can be…

A

Transferred, stored or dissipated

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3
Q

What does ‘work done’ mean?

A

Energy transferred

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4
Q

A person throws a ball in the air. What are the energy types?

A

Chemical to kinetic

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5
Q

A ball falls from a height. What are the energy types?

A

Gravitational potential energy to kinetic

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6
Q

When an object speeds up, where is energy transferred?

A

To the kinetic energy store

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7
Q

When an object slows down, where is energy transferred?

A

Out of the kinetic energy store

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8
Q

Kinetic energy =

A

Half x mass x speed2

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9
Q

What is the generally used gravitational field strength for Earth?

A

10

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10
Q

Gravitational potential energy =

A

Mass x height x gravitational field strength

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11
Q

What is the name for when something has stretched so far it cannot relapse to its original state?

A

Limit of proportionality

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12
Q

Elastic potential energy =

A

Half x spring constant x extension

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13
Q

Specific heat capacity is…

A

How much energy is needed to heat 1kg of a substance by 1 degree

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14
Q

Change in thermal energy = specific heat capacity x …

A

Mass x temperature change

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15
Q

What is power measured in? (2)

A

Watts or joules per second

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16
Q

Power = E…

A

Energy/time

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17
Q

Power = W…

A

Work done/time

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18
Q

What does conduction occur in?

A

Solids

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19
Q

What does convection occur in?

A

Liquids and gases

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20
Q

What will warmer particles do?

A

Rise

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21
Q

What do particles do in conduction to transfer energy?

A

Vibrate

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22
Q

What do particles do in convection?

A

Move from hotter to cooler

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23
Q

What does a convection current require?

A

A constant heat source

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24
Q

What do you use to reduce energy transferred by friction?

A

Lubricant

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25
Q

What is in between the inner and outer layers of a cavity wall? (2)

A

Air or foam

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26
Q

What does foam do that air doesn’t in a cavity wall?

A

Reduce convection

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27
Q

What does loft insulation do?

A

Reduce convection currents

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28
Q

What type of window works similar to a cavity wall?

A

Double-glazed windows

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29
Q

What do you put around doors and windows to reduce energy transfer by convection?

A

Draught excluders

30
Q

The less energy wasted the more _____ a device is.

A

Efficient

31
Q

Efficiency =

A

Useful energy output/Total energy output

32
Q

What type of devices are 100% efficient?

A

Electric heaters

33
Q

What type of energy is usually waste energy?

A

Thermal

34
Q

What are the main fossil fuels? (3)

A

Coal, oil and gas

35
Q

What do renewable energy sources provide less of?

A

Energy

36
Q

What do non-renewable energy sources do to the environment?

A

More damage

37
Q

What do renewable energy sources do to the environment?

A

Less damage

38
Q

Why are non-renewables unreliable?

A

Weather

39
Q

What type of energy source are petrol and diesel?

A

Non-renewable

40
Q

Where does one build a wind turbine?

A

Exposed places

41
Q

What do people mostly complain about in regards to wind turbines?

A

Aesthetics

42
Q

What percent of the time do wind turbine produce electricity?

A

75-80%

43
Q

What do wind turbines use to generate electricity?

A

Wind

44
Q

What do solar panels use to generate electricity?

A

Sun

45
Q

Where does geothermal power get energy from?

A

Underground

46
Q

What does geothermal have going for it that solar and wind do not?

A

Reliability

47
Q

What does hydro-electric power require?

A

Flooding a valley by building a dam

48
Q

How does hydro-electricity actually get energy?

A

The flooding water goes through turbines

49
Q

What does wave power have in common with wind power?

A

Turbines

50
Q

What are wave power turbines a hazard to?

A

Boats

51
Q

What do wave turbines disturb?

A

The seabed and lives of marine animals

52
Q

What is a tidal barrage?

A

Similar to dams, built across river estuaries and contain turbines

53
Q

How are tides produced?

A

Gravitational pull of sun and moon

54
Q

What makes tides reliable?

A

The happen twice a day

55
Q

What makes tides unreliable?

A

Their height can vary

56
Q

What are bio-fuels made from?

A

Plants and waste

57
Q

Are bio-fuels solid, liquid or gas?

A

Any!

58
Q

What can power plant respond quickly to that renewable energy sources cannot?

A

Increased demand for energy

59
Q

Are the running costs or power plants expensive?

A

No

60
Q

What do coal, oil and gas release when burned?

A

Carbon dioxide

61
Q

What effect does CO2 add to?

A

The greenhouse effect

62
Q

The soulful dioxide released from burning coal and oil causes what?

A

Acid rain

63
Q

What does acid rain damage?

A

Trees, soil, ecosystems

64
Q

What do oil spillages cause?

A

Environmental problems

65
Q

What is awkward about nuclear waste?

A

Highly dangerous and difficult to dispose of

66
Q

What does nuclear power carry the risk of?

A

Disaster / catastrophe

67
Q

Over the 20th century, what has happened to electricity use in Britain?

A

Huge increase

68
Q

Since the start of the 21st century, what has happened to electricity use in Britain?

A

Slowly decreased

69
Q

Why has electricity use in Britain decreased recently? (2)

A

More efficient appliances and more awareness of wasting energy

70
Q

Where do we get most of our electricity?

A

Fossil fuels and nuclear power

71
Q

Why else do we burn fossil fuels for energy, other than electricity? (3)

A

Cars, heating, cooking

Physics GCSE AQA (3 decks)

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