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Physics > Topic 1 - Energy > Flashcards

Topic 1 - Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

Write down four energy stores

A
  • Thermal energy stores
  • Kinetic energy stores
  • Chemical energy stores
  • Gravitational potential energy stores
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2
Q

Describe how energy is transferred as a ball falls to the ground

A

The ball is accelerated by gravity. This causes the ball’s gravitational potential energy to be transferred into kinetic energy

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3
Q

Give the equation for calculating the amount of energy in an objects kinetic energy store

A

K.E = 0.5 x m x v²

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4
Q

If energy is transferred to an object’s kinetic energy store, what happens to its speed?

A

The speed increases

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5
Q

Give the equation for finding the energy in an objects gravitational potential energy store

A

G.P.E = m x g x h

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6
Q

What kind of energy store is energy transferred to when you compress a spring?

A

Elastic potential energy store

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7
Q

What is the definition of the specific heat capacity of a material?

A

How hard the material is to heat up

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8
Q

Give the equation that relates energy transferred and specific heat capacity

A

ΔE= m x c x ΔT

Change in thermal energy(J )= mass(Kg) x Specific heat capacity(J/Kg°C) x Temperature change(°C)

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9
Q

Describe an experiment to find the specific heat capacity of a material

A
  1. You need a solid material with two holes in it (for the heater and thermometer to go into)
  2. Measure the mass of the block, then wrap it in an insulating layer to reduce the energy transferred from the block to the surroundings. Insert the thermometer and heater
  3. Measure the initial temperature of the block and set the potential difference of the power supply to be 10V. Turn on the power supply and start the stopwatch
  4. Upon turning on the power, the current in the circuit does work on the heater, transferring energy electrically from the power supply to the heater’s thermal energy store. This increases temperature.
  5. As the block heats up, take readings of the temperature and current every minute for 10 minutes
  6. Turn off the power supply. Use measurements from the power supply of voltage and currents to work out how much power supplied to the heater (P=IV). Then use the formula E=Pt to work out how much energy has been transferred to the heater at the time of each temperature reading. t should being in seconds.
  7. Use these results to plot a graph of energy transferred to the thermal energy store of the block against temperature. Find the gradient of the straight part of the graph so the S.H.C= 1/(gradient x the mass of the block)
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10
Q

Define power and give two equations to calculate power

A

Power - the rate of energy transfer
Power(W)=Energy(J)/Time(s)
Power(W)=Work Done(J)/Time(s)

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11
Q

What are the units of power

A

Watts

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12
Q

True of False? A high thermal conductivity means there is a high rate of energy transfer

A

True

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13
Q

How can you reduce unwanted energy transfers in a machine with moving, touching components?

A

Lubrication

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14
Q

Give four ways to prevent unwanted energy transfers in a home

A
  • Have cavity wall insulation
  • Get loft insulation
  • Double-glazed windows
  • Draught excluders
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15
Q

True of False? Thicker walls make a house cool down quicker

A

False

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16
Q

What is the efficiency of an energy transfer? Give the equation that relates efficiency to power

A

Efficiency = Useful power output/Total power output

17
Q

Name four renewable energy resources and four non-renewable energy resources

A 
Renewable energy resources: 
-Wind 
-Sun 
-Geothermal 
-Tides 
Non-Renewable energy resources: 
-Coal 
-Oil 
-Gas 
-Nuclear
18
Q

What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy resources

A

Non renewable energy resources will run out

19
Q

Give an example of how a renewable energy resource is used in everyday life

A

Solar power

20
Q

Explain why solar power is considered to be a fairly reliable energy resource

A
  • Very cost-effective

- Can rely on high sun intensity most days in some remote places

21
Q

True or False? Tidal barrages are useful for storing energy to be used during times of high demand

A

True

22
Q

Describe one way of reducing the environmental impact of using fossil fuels

A

Carbon capture and storage

23
Q

Give one environmental benefit of using nuclear power

A

No carbon dioxide emissions

24
Q

Explain why the UK plan to use more renewable energy resources in the future

A

Fossil fuels will eventually run out. Many people think its better to learn to get by without non-renewable energy sources before this happens

Physics (5 decks)

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