topic 1 energy Flashcards
What are the 8 energy stores?
Kinetic, thermal, chemical, gravitational potential, elastic potential, electrostatic, magnetic, nuclear.
What is a closed system?
A system where no energy can enter or leave, and the total energy is conserved.
What are the 4 ways energy can be transferred?
Mechanically, electrically, by heating, by radiation.
What is the formula for kinetic energy?
KE = 0.5 * m * v^2.
What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?
GPE = m * g * h.
What happens to energy when an object falls?
GPE is converted into kinetic energy.
What is specific heat capacity?
The energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.
What is the formula for energy transfer using specific heat capacity?
Energy = mass * specific heat capacity * temperature change.
What are the 3 methods of energy transfer by heating?
Conduction, convection, radiation.
How does conduction work?
Heat is transferred through solids by vibrating particles and free electrons.
How does convection work?
Heat is transferred in fluids by the movement of particles (hot fluids rise, cold fluids sink).
How can you reduce unwanted energy transfers?
Use insulation, double glazing, and reduce heat loss through conduction, convection, and radiation.
What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy?
Renewable energy can be replenished (e.g., solar, wind), while non-renewable energy is finite (e.g., fossil fuels, nuclear).
What are the environmental impacts of fossil fuels?
They release CO2, contributing to global warming and climate change.
What are the advantages of renewable energy?
Lower environmental impact, sustainable, and reduces reliance on finite resources.
What is power?
The rate of energy transfer or work done. Formula: Power = Energy / Time.
What is efficiency?
A measure of how much useful energy is transferred. Formula: Efficiency = (Useful Output Energy / Total Input Energy) * 100%.
How can you improve efficiency in a device?
Reduce wasted energy (e.g., lubricate moving parts, insulate systems).
