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Physics > Topic 1-Energy > Flashcards

Topic 1-Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

Amount of energy needed to raise the temp of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius

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2
Q

What is power?

A

The rate at which work is done/ energy is transferred

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3
Q

Describe the energy changes when ball is thrown upwards?

A

Kinetic energy is converted to GPE
When at peak, its maximum GPE
GPE is converted back to kinetic energy

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4
Q

State 4 different energy stores

A

Chemical store
Kinetic store
GPE store
EPE store

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5
Q

State the law of energy conservation

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed , only transferred to different forms

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6
Q

What is waste energy?

A

Energy not used by device for desired purpose

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7
Q

How can the efficiency of a system be increased

A

Reducing waste output (lubrication/ thermal insulation)

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8
Q

State 3 methods of reducing heat loss in a building

A
  1. Double glazing
  2. Loft and wall insulation
  3. Thicker walls
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9
Q

How can lubricating reduce energy transfer?

A

Reduces friction and therefore energy loss due to heating

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10
Q

What is a renewable energy source?

A

An energy source which can be replenished as it is being used up

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11
Q

Give 4 examples of renewable energy sources

A

Wind
Solar
Tidal
Geothermal

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12
Q

Give and example of a non renewable energy resource

A

Fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas)

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13
Q

State 2 disadvantages of using renewable energy resources

A

Output determined by external factors (wind) so unreliable

Very costly

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14
Q

What are the environmental impacts of burning fossil fuel?

A

CO2 contributes to greenhouse effect and therefore global warming

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15
Q

State 3 advantages of fossil fuel as a resource

A

Reliable- can generate power any time
Can produce large amounts of energy
Cost effective

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16
Q

What are 3 advantages of nuclear power?

A

Large amounts of energy for small amount of fuel
Doesn’t release greenhouse gases and contribute to climate change
Cost efficient

17
Q

What are 2 disadvantages of nuclear power?

A

Nuclear waste is harmful to humans
Risk of nuclear accidents
Non renewable

18
Q

How does hydroelectric power produce energy?

A

Rainwater collects behind dam
water is released and turns turbine
Turbine turns generator and produces electricity

19
Q

Describe energy transfers for a bungee jumper

A

Falling- GPE converted to KE
Cord tightens- KE converted and stores as EPE
Lowest point- initial GPE equals EPE stored in cord

20
Q

Why does a bungee jumper slow down when the cord begins to stretch?

A

KE decreases as it is converted to EPE

Since KE is proportional to velocity, when KE decreases, so does velocity

21
Q

Give examples of chemical energy stores

A
  1. Food
  2. Fuel
  3. Batteries
22
Q

Describe energy changes that occur in a filament lamp

A

Electrical energy transferred to light and heat energy

Light- useful, heat- waste

23
Q

What can be said about the energy transfer of a material with high thermal conductivity?

A

Rate of energy transfer through material is higher for a material with higher thermal conductivity

24
Q

Do double glazed windows have a higher or lower thermal conductivity than single-glazed windows?

A

Lower- meaning less energy transfers through them

25
Q

What 2 factors affect the rate of cooling of a building?

A
  1. Thickness of the walls

2. Thermal conductivity of the walls

26
Q

How can the efficiency of a mechanical machine with moving parts be improved?

A

Lubrication of moving parts- reduce friction and therefore energy loss due to heating

27
Q

How can efficiency of radiator be improved?

A

Install metal foil sheets behind radiator- reflect heat back into room rather than it being absorbed into walls

28
Q

What are the advantages of generating power using gas rather than coal?

A
  1. Gas power stations have short start up times

2. Lower emissions of CO2

29
Q

What are 2 disadvantages of using biofuels?

A
  1. In order to grow biofuels you need to destroy land

2. When plants are burned they release CO2

30
Q

What are the advantages of tidal energy sources?

A
  1. Dont produce greenhouse gases

2. Reliable, as tides happen twice a day

31
Q

What are disadvantages of hydroelectric power?

A
  1. Dam may cause flooding

2. Can cost a lot to install required infrastructure

32
Q

What are the advantages of solar panels?

A
  1. Don’t cause environmental harm

2. Can be used in remote areas

33
Q

Give examples of social factors which may act as deterrents for some energy production

A
  1. Visual pollution

2. Sound pollution

Physics (10 decks)

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