Topic 1 - Elements, Compounds + Mixtures Flashcards
What is an Element?
Substance that consists of only one type of atom, cannot be broken down into anything simpler by chemical means.
What are all substances made of?
Different atoms
Name 2 Types of particles in an element.
atoms (simplest particles, can exist on their own) eg gold.
molecules (two or more ATOMS joined) eg oxygen.
What is the appearance and state of iron filings?
shiny, hard. Solid
what state and appearance is carbon?
hard, brittle, black. Solid.
what is the state and appearance of aluminium?
Shiny grey. Solid
What state and appearance is oxygen?
Not visible. Gas
What state and appearance is copper?
Shiny, bendy. Solid
What state and appearance is magnesium?
Silver ribbon. Solid
What state and appearance is hydrogen?
Not visible. Gas
What state and appearance is sulfur?
Bright yellow. Solid
What state and appearance is bromine?
Dull, brown. Liquid
What state and appearance is calcium?
Dull, grey. Solid.
What does Malleable mean?
Can be hammered into shape.
What does ductile mean?
Can be drawn into wires.
What is an atom?
Simplest particle of an element, can exist on its own in a stable environment.
How many element are in the Periodic Table?
Approx 100.
What is a period in the periodic table?
A horizontal row.
What is a group in the Periodic Table?
A vertical column.
What is the writing structure for Elements in the periodic table?
The first letter is a Capital and second is a lowercase letter.
Name 3 properties of metallic elements.
All solids at room temp. except mercury
shiny solids
Good conductors electricity/heat
Usually have high melting + boiling points
Usually malleable + ductile
Name 3 properties Non-Metallic Elements
soft + brittle diamond is exception
Poor conductors of heat/electricity usually
Usually have low melting + boiling points
Usually dull (diamond is exception)
Can be gas, solid or liquid at room temp
What is a compound?
Substance formed when 2 or more (different) elements are chemically combined.
What are particles in a compound called?
Molecules
Name 1 thing about compounds
They have completely different properties from elements which are used to make them.
When would a compound end in -ide ?
If it contains 2 elements
E.g iron + sulfur = iron sulfide.
When would a compound end in -ate ?
If it contains 3 elements or more. (One of which is oxygen).
E.g sodium + nitrogen + oxygen = sodium nitrate.
What is a mixture?
2 or more substances mixed together. Usually easy to separate.
Mixtures can be either a mix of ;
Elements
Element + Compound
Compound
What is a common compound?
Eg Water, H2O, (small 2).
State of Compound: Liquid
Elements Present in Compound: 2 Hydrogen, 1 oxygen.
State of each element: H- gas. O- gas.
