Topic 1 - Earth Systems Flashcards

Earth's Spheres, Food Webs/Chains, Plant Life Cycle

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1
Q

Abiotic

A

Non-living things in the environment.

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2
Q

Atmosphere

A

The envelope of gasses that surround the Earth.

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3
Q

Bio

A

Means life, or living.

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4
Q

Biosphere

A

Sum of all ecosystems on Earth.

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5
Q

Biotic

A

Living thins in the environment.

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6
Q

Crust

A

Made up of valleys, trenches, mountains and volcanoes, and composed of tectonic plates.

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7
Q

Cryosphere

A

Solid form of water, includes glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets and icebergs.

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8
Q

Greenhouse Gas

A
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Methane
  • Nitrous Oxide
  • Ozone
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9
Q

Groundwater

A

Water that is found underground.

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10
Q

Lithosphere

A

The solid, outer part of the Earth, including the crust and upper mantle.

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11
Q

Mesosphere

A

Where meteors are found.

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12
Q

Salinity

A

Salinity is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water

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13
Q

Stratosphere

A

Composed of ozone

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14
Q

Tectonic Plate

A

Large sections of the Earth’s crust that shift over time.

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15
Q

Turbidity

A

Particles in the water.

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16
Q

Thermosphere

A

Where satellites and space shuttles are found.

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17
Q

Troposphere

A

Composed of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and carbon dioxide.

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18
Q

Upper Mantle

A

Extends from below the crust to 410km towards earth’s core, and composed of mostly silicon, oxygen, magnesium, and flowing.

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19
Q

Water Vapour

A

Gas forms of water.

20
Q

Food Chain

A

Shows movement of energy from one trophic level to another in an ecosystem.

21
Q

Food Web

A

Shows the movement of energy and many interactions within an ecosystem.

22
Q

Herbivore

A

Only eats plants.

23
Q

Carnivore

A

Only eats meat.

24
Q

Omnivore

A

Eats both plants and meat.

25
Q

Producer

A

An organism that can produce/create their own energy. (plants)

26
Q

Consumer

A

Needs to consume or eat other consumers and producers to gain energy.

27
Q

Decomposer

A

Responsible for breaking down dead/decaying organisms to return nutrients to ecosystem.

28
Q

Trophic Levels

A

The level an organism is found on a food web/chain.

29
Q

Primary Consumer

A

An organism that eats plants and provides the energy needed for other types of consumers to use.

30
Q

Secondary Consumer

A

The organisms that eat the primary consumers.

31
Q

Tertiary Consumer

A

Tertiary consumers are animals that consume the secondary consumers to obtain nutrition from them.

32
Q

Quaternary Consumer

A

An animal that consumes at the very top of the food chain, after the tertiary consumer.

33
Q

Ecological Pyramid

A

A graphical representation of the relationship between the different living organisms at different trophic levels.

34
Q

Energy Pyramid

A

A model that shows the flow of energy from one trophic, or feeding, level to the next in an ecosystem.

35
Q

Pyramid of Numbers

A

Shows the total number of individual organisms at each level in the food chain of an ecosystem.

36
Q

Biomass

A

Renewable organic material that comes from plants and animals.

37
Q

Biomass Pyramid

A

Is the representation of total living biomass or organic matter present at different trophic levels in an ecosystem.

38
Q

10% Rule

A

Only 10% of energy is moved up per trophic level.

39
Q

Germination

A

The start of growth of a plant from a seed.

40
Q

Seedling formation

A

The seed starts growing towards sunlight when it gets the proper nutrients from the sun as well from the roots.

41
Q

Growth & Development

A

Plants carry out a process called photosynthesis using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to synthesize their own food in the form glucose.

42
Q

Differentiation

A

Plants become a mature plant and starts flowering.

43
Q

Pollination

A

When pollen travels from one plant to the flower of another plant.

44
Q

Fertilisation

A

When the pollen meets the egg inside the flower, this creates seeds.

45
Q

Formation of Fruit & Seeds

A

After fertilisation, the ovary of the flower starts to grow and change into some fruit. Inside the fruit, the seeds develop. When the fruit is ripe, it’s like a signal for the seeds to be dispersed.