Topic 1 - DNA & Genetic code

Question 1

What is Deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA)?

Answer 1

long chain of nucleotides in the nucleus

Question 2

What does every DNA nucleotide consist of?

Answer 2

• Phosphate
• Deoxyribose sugar
• Base

Question 3

What are the 4 types of bases in DNA?

Answer 3

Adenine - Thymine
Guanine - Cytosine

Question 4

What are the 4 types of bases in RNA?

Answer 4

Adenine - Uracil
Guanine - Cytosine

Question 5

What structure is DNA?

Answer 5

Double helix

Question 6

What did Chargaff discover?

Answer 6

Base equivalence

Question 7

What did Franklin & Wilkins discover?

Answer 7

The helical structure of DNA

Question 8

What did Watson & Crick discover?

Answer 8

The double helix structure

Question 9

What are amino acids?

Answer 9

The building blocks of polypeptides & proteins

Question 10

What is a polypeptide?

Answer 10

A sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 11

What are proteins?

Answer 11

Molecules formed of 1 or more polypeptide chains

Question 12

permanent changes made to DNA are?

Answer 12

mutations

Question 13

What is base substitution?

Answer 13

when one base replaces another

Question 14

What is base insertion? and base deletion?

Answer 14

insertion sees one added and deletion sees one be removed

Question 15

Differences in RNA

Answer 15

• RNA is single stranded
• Has the base Uracil over Thymine
• Has ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose

Question 16

What are the steps of semi-conservative replication?

Answer 16

1. DNA helicase unzips DNA, breaking the hydrogen bonds.
2. The original strands are templates, allowing for complementary base pairing.
3. They are joined together by DNA polymerase.