Topic 1: Design of Experiments Flashcards
Why is data important?
Use data for problem-solving
How many types of data scientist?
2: Professional and popular
What is different between professional and popular data scientist?
Professional data scientist is able to explore and work on different aspects of data life cycle
Popular data scientist works on dataset from a particular field, data detective
What are challenges with collecting dataset?
How to minimize?
Ethics, privacy, errors, missing values
Transparent plan and non-identifible subjects
What is the gold standard to gather data?
Randomised controlled trial (RCT)
random double-blinded allocation
What is domain knowledge?
Domain knowledge is the context background information needed to analyse and understand the dataset
During the process of gathering information or data, the evidence must be….
- Each piece of evidence needs to be weighed up equally
- Clear and well-cited
- Every stage of the study in research journal must be well-documented
- Journals needs to be reproducible research
What is reproducible research?
The author of the study needs to present data set and software used in the study for further verifying and altenative analyses
How many types of controlled experiments are there?
2: Contemporaneous (happens at the same time with the treatment grouop)
Historical (happens before the treatment group)
What is placebo?
A pretend treatment, designed to be neutral and indistinguishable from the treatment
The participants in double-blinded trial don’t know whether they are receiving the real or placebo treatment
What is placebo effect?
A phenomenon in which the subjects/receivers think they are having the treatment and responses to the idea
What is confounding?
when the results/effects get mixed up/become misleading because of a 3rd extraneous variable
=> confusing intepretation
What is bias?
A factor affecting the ablity of the data to precisely measure the effect of the treatment
What are some confounders with RCT?
Explain each one
Selector bias: the 2 groups are not comparable
Observer bias: subjects/ investigators are aware of the identity of the 2 groups/the study ==> affects responses and evaluations + placebo effect
Consent bias: the subjects choose whether to join or not
What is observational study?
The investigator does NOT decide or allocate the subjects into groups