Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GCSE Biology Edexcel (core) > Topic 1- Classification, Variation and Inheritance > Flashcards

Topic 1- Classification, Variation and Inheritance Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards AP® Biology flashcards GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards Biology 101 flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards
1
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms?

A
  • Animalia
  • Plantae
  • Fungi
  • Prokaryote
  • Protoctista
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Properties of Animalia?

A
  • multicellular
  • do not have cell walls
  • do not have chlorophyll
  • feed heterotrophically
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Properties of Plantae?

A
  • multicellular
  • have cell walls
  • have chlorophyll
  • feed autotrophically
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Properties of Fungi?

A
  • multicellular or unicellular
  • have cells walls
  • do not have chlorophyll
  • feed saprophytically (extracellular digestion of dead organic matter)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Properties of Prokaryote?

A
  • unicellular

- do not have a nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Properties of Protoctista?

A
  • unicellular

- do have a nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 5 verterbrate classes?

A
  • fish
  • amphibians
  • reptiles
  • birds
  • mammals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Properties of fish?

A
  • have wet scales
  • have gills
  • lay eggs (oviparous)
  • cold blooded (poikilotherms)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Properties of amphibians?

A
  • have moist, permeable skin
  • young have gills, adults have lungs
  • lay eggs in water or damp places (oviparous)
  • cold blooded (poikilotherms)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Properties of reptiles?

A
  • have dry, scaly skin
  • have lungs
  • lay eggs (oviparous)
  • cold blooded (poikilotherms)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Properties of birds?

A
  • have feathers and a beak
  • have lungs
  • lay eggs (oviparous)
  • warm blooded (homeotherms)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Properties of mammals?

A
  • have hair or fur on skin
  • produce milk
  • have lungs
  • give birth to live offspring (viviparous)
  • warm blooded (homeotherms)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Based on what 3 things do scientists place organisms into groups?

A
  • the way in which they absorb oxygen (lungs or gills or skin)
  • the way in which they reproduce (oviparous or viviparous)
  • they way in which they regulate their temperature (homeotherms or poikilotherms)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why is it important to classify organisms?

A
  • So scientists can study groups of similar organisms
  • So scientists can identify habitats or species that need conservation
  • So that conservation can lead to greater biodiversity (variety of different types of organisms in an ecosystem)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are adaptations?

A

adaptations are special features or types of behaviour that make an organism well suited to their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are adaptations of the polar bear? (cold terrestrial climate)

A
  • insulating fat layer beneath skin
  • large feet to spread weight on the ice
  • white coat so it is camouflaged
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the adaptations of a camel? (hot terrestrial climate)

A
  • body fat stored in hump
  • loses very little water through heat and sweating
  • sandy coat so it is camouflaged 2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the adaptations of a fish? (aquatic environment)

A
  • streamlined shape to travel quickly through water
  • gills to obtain dissolved oxygen in water
  • gills have large surface area so more oxygen can be absorbed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the adaptations of the water lily? (aquatic environment)

A
  • flexible stems so it can bend in the water’s current
  • underwater leaves are streamlined
  • leaves grow on the surface of the water to maximise photosynthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the adaptations of the cactus? (hot terrestrial environment)

A
  • thick waxy surface to reduce water loss
  • stomata only open at night to reduce water loss
  • spines to protect it from predators
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is an extreme habitat?

A

an extreme habitat is a habitat with conditions outside those in which normal organisms live

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

give 2 examples of an extreme habitat?

A
  • hydrothermal vents

- the Antarctic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how are organisms adapted to live in hydrothermal vents? (e.g. tubeworms, pompeii worms)

A
  • being able to cope with high pressure and temperature

- have highly developed senses other than sight

24
Q

how are organisms adapted to live in the Antarctic? (penguins)

A
  • compact shape so they lose little heat
  • thick layer of insulating fat under skin
  • often huddle in large, tightly packed groups to retain heat
25
Q

what is variation?

A

variation is the differences between individuals of the same species

26
Q

give examples of complications within classification?

A
  • hybridisation in ducks

- ring species, e.g. salamanders on the US West Coast

27
Q

what is hybridisation in ducks?

A

hybridisation in ducks occurs when two different species of duck breed and produce a fertile duck which could be considered as a different species altogether

28
Q

what is ring species?

A

ring species are overlapping populations of two closely related species that can only interbreed in the overlapping region

29
Q

what is speciation?

A

speciation is the process of evolution by which new species form

30
Q

variation occurs due to what two factors?

A
  • genetic causes

- environmental causes

31
Q

what is continuous variation?

A

continuous variation is variation that does not fit into groups, and values have a range/ they cannot be measured (e.g. height, weight)

32
Q

what is discontinuous variation?

A

discontinuous variation is variation that fits into a small number of clearly defined groups (e.g. eye colour, blood type)

33
Q

what is theory of evolution?

A

evolution is the theory that all living organisms that exist today developed from simple life forms

34
Q

who came up with the theory of evolution?

A

CHARLES DARWIN!! WOOOOO!!!

35
Q

how do scientists validate their work?

A
  • peer review processes
  • record findings in scientific journals
  • attending scientific conferences
36
Q

what are the 6 steps of natural selection? (VOSSIG)

A
  • Variation (between organisms)
  • (leads to) Over-production
  • (which leads to) Struggle for existence
  • Survival (of the fittest, best individuals survive)
  • Inheritance (good adaptations passed on)
  • Gradual change (they evolve over time)
37
Q

each cell in the human body has how many chromosomes?

A

46 individual chromosomes (23 pairs)

38
Q

what is an allele?

A

an allele is a different version of the same gene (e.g. for eye colour- blue, green, brown etc)

39
Q

what is a dominant allele?

A

a dominant allele that always controls the development of the characteristic, even if it is only present in one of the chromosomes in a pair

40
Q

what is a recessive allele?

A

a recessive allele that only controls the development of the characteristic if it is present in both of the chromosomes in a pair

41
Q

what does the term ‘homozygous dominant’ mean?

A

it means that the individual has a dominant allele on both of the chromosomes in a pair

42
Q

what does the term ‘homozygous recessive’ mean?

A

it means that the individual has a recessive allele on both of the chromosomes in a pair

43
Q

what does the term ‘heterozygous’ mean?

A

it means that there is one dominant allele and one recessive allele present on the chromosome

44
Q

what is a family pedigree?

A

a family pedigree is basically a family tree/ chart that shows the presence or absence of specific alleles from one generation to the next

45
Q

what is ‘monohybrid inheritance’?

A

an example of monohybrid inheritance is simple genetic crosses that can be performed to investigate the mechanism of inheritance

46
Q

how can genetic crosses be shown?

A
  • punnett square

- genetic cross diagram

47
Q

what are genotypes?

A

genotypes are the letters used to simplify words (e.g. for earlobes, combinations of E and e are used)

remember: capital letters are used for dominant alleles and lower case letters are used for recessive alleles

48
Q

what are phenotypes?

A

phenotypes are the physical characteristics (e.g. attached earlobes)

49
Q

what is cystic fibrosis?

A

cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects cell membranes

50
Q

what are the symptoms/characteristics of cystic fibrosis?

A
  • not being able to digest food properly
  • airways clogged with mucus
  • more susceptible to chest infections, including pneumonia
  • shorter life expectancy (40-50 years)
51
Q

how can cystic fibrosis symptoms be treated?

A
  • enzyme tablets
  • chest therapy
  • antibiotics
52
Q

is there a cure for cystic fibrosis?

A

no, there is no cure

53
Q

what is sickle cell disease?

A

sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder that affects red blood cells; instead of being their normal, biconcave shape, they look more like sickles.

54
Q

what are the symptoms/characteristics of sickle cell disease?

A
  • red blood cells are no longer able to carry oxygen, making breathing difficult
  • red blood cells can get stuck in capillaries, which can stop blood reaching tissues, leading to great pain and may cause tissue damage
  • also may cause dizziness
55
Q

what is a carrier?

A

a carrier is a person who only have one faulty allele. however, a disorder can be inherited by offspring if both parents are carriers.

GCSE Biology Edexcel (core) (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions