Topic 1 Circulation Flashcards
What are the 3 components of the circulatory system
Heart
Blood vessels ( veins,capillaries,arteries)
Blood
Fill in the blank
The ? circulation carries blood to and from the lungs
The ? circulation carries blood to and from the rest of the bodies organs
The ? artery is the only artery to carry ? blood
The ? vein is the only vein to carry ? blood
Pulmonary
Systemic
Pulmonary, deoxygenated
Oxygenated
Arteries carry blood
Away from the heart
Arteries have blood at
High pressure
Arteries have
Thick layers of muscle and elastic
Arteries have no
Valves
Arteries create your
Pulse
Which is created by heart pumping and contracting the heart muscle
Arteries have strong
Walls
Capillaries are
Sites of exchange
Capillaries have blood at
Low pressure
Capillaries have no
Valves
Capillaries have very
Thin walls
1 cell thick
Capillaries have no
pulse
Capillaries are
( describe)
Delicate and easily broken
Veins carry blood
To the heart
Veins Have blood at
very very low pressure
Veins have valves to
Stop blood flowing back
Veins have walls that are
Thinner and with less muscle
Veins have no
Pulse
Veins are
Flexible
What arteries and veins are connected to the lungs
Pulmonary vein and artery
What veins and arteries are connected to the heart
Coronary artery and coronary vein
What veins and arteries are connected to the liver
Hepatic vein and artery
What veins and arteries are connected to the lower organs/ legs
Iliac artery iliac vein
What veins and arteries are connected to the head & brain
Carotid artery
Jugular vein
What veins and arteries are connected to the kidney
Renal artery and vein
What veins and arteries are connected to the stomach
Gastric artery
Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic vein
What veins and arteries are connected to the small intestine
Mesenteric artery
Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic vein
Atriums are at the
Ventricles at the
Bicuspid and tricuspid continue below the atriums
Aorta at the very top on the
Pulmonary artery at the very top on the
Vena cave on the left
Pulmonary vein on the right
Top
Bottom
The atria
Right
Left
left
right
What does the heart do
Pumps blood around the body
Receives blood from the veins
Pumps blood under high pressure into the arteries
What keeps blood flowing in one direction through the heart
Valves, bicuspid, tricuspid
Explain why the walls of the ventricles are thicker than the atria
Ventricles pump blood around the body at high pressure
Explain why the walls of of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle
Left ventricle pumps blood around the body at a higher pressure while the right ventricle pumps it at a lower pressure
What happens to your heart when you get excited or exercise
Explain why
Your beats faster because you need more blood to transport oxygen and glucose around the body
Adrenaline can also be released to prepare the body for more activity part of this will be increasing heart rate to increase oxygen and glucose supply to the muscled
What is the structure of the red blood cell
Red blood cells are very small and have no nucleus
They’re bioconcave in shape giving them a large surface area
They contain an iron pigment called haemoglobin which can pick up oxygen
Function of red blood cell
When oxygen combines with haemoglobin it forms oxyhaemoglobin which is bright red
When oxygen is released to the tissues it turns purple
White blood cell structure
Are slightly bigger than red blood cells
Come in many different types of
White blood cell function
They protect the body
They’re able to defeat bacteria and then destroy them before they harm the body
Phagocytosis is when they engulf the bacteria to destroy them before
They produce antibodies. These protect is from infection. They work by making bacteria cells stick together so that is is easier to kill them and some others release toxins which neutralize the poison released by the bacteria
Platelets structure
Tiny cell fragments
Platelets function
They’re carried around the body and usually do nothing
If the blood is exposed to the air in a cut the platelets help to form a network of fibers at the cut, called a clot
This prevents blood being lost from the cut and stops bacteria and dirt getting in
The clot hardens to a scab. This keeps the wound clean while new skin grows
Plasma structure
The liquid portion of the blood
Yellowish in colour
Platelets function
It makes up around 55% of blood volume
It’s mainly water but contain dissolved substances including: digested food, hormones and wastes like carbon dioxide
How can exercise reduce stress
Increased sense of well being as exercise stimulates the release of chemicals similar to morphine which creates a type of high
If a man who has been resting starts doing some strenuous exercise what is the effect on the rate at which his heart beats
It will increase a lot
Does a fit or unfit person have a higher heartbeat rate on average?
An average unfit person has a higher heart rate
1o A fit heart pumps a larger volume of blood with each ‘beat’ than an unfit heart. Can you suggest why it is an advantage to be fit?
The heart uses less energy to pump more which will keep you healthy.
What effect does exercise semetimes have on blood pressure, and why is it important?
Exercise widens the arteries and the build up of fatty deposit is less likely, this reduces heart disease from
A middle aged man who was overweight was not only put on a diet by his doctor, but was also told to do regular exercise
Being overweight and not exercising has a risk of suffering from heart disease from high blood pressure
What significant result was obtained from the London transport study, and what do you think is the reason for it? Why might the information be misleading?
Drivers sit down all day and conductors run up stairs daily
It doesn’t say about genetics, lifestyle or diet
• List as many things as you can think of that can lead to heart disease
Diet
smoking
Stress
- How do you think you can help avoid heart disease?
Have a healthy diet
Exercise
Relax mor destress
At which ages do men and women show the same blood cholesterol level?
21-22yrs
47-48yrs
- Use the information in the graphs to explain why the death rate for men, from coronary heart disease, is higher than the death rate for women, between the 25 and 45.
They have a higher level of cholesterol and high cholesterol is linked to heart disease
- Use the graphs to determine the level of blood cholesterol that would keep the death rate, from coronary heart disease, at a minimum:
3-4 arbitrary units any higher incleases death
- What does your answer suggest about cholesterol as the only cause of coronary heart disease?
The are other things that cause heart disease like genetics, Litestyle, diet
