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CSB > Topic 1 (Chemical Safety) > Flashcards

Topic 1 (Chemical Safety) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of safety signs and graphical symbols?

A

They are communication tools to alert/remind workers/visitors of the potential hazards at specific workplaces/environments. They are graphical as graphical images allow messages to be easily understood

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2
Q

Safe Condition Sign (E)
1, How do we recognise it?
2, What is its purpose?

A

1, A Safe Condition sign is a green square with a white symbol

2, Its purpose is to provide information on safe conditions by identifying evacuation routes and assembly points and indicating the location if first aid and emergency equipment

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3
Q

Fire Safety Sign (F)
1, How do we recognise it?
2, What is its purpose?

A

1, A Fire Safety sign is red with white symbols

2, Its purpose is to provide information on the location of fire equipment by indicating the type of fire equipment and the location of fire equipment

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4
Q

Mandatory Action Sign (M)
1, How do we recognise it?
2, What is its purpose?

A

1, A Mandatory Action sign is a blue circle with a white symbol

2, Its purpose is to indicate specific actions or behaviours which are necessary in order to safeguard personal health and/or risk personal injury

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5
Q 
Prohibition Sign (P)
1, How do we recognise it?
2, What is its purpose?
A

1, A Prohibition sign is a red ring with a diagonal bar with a black symbol on a white background

2, Its purpose is to indicate that certain behaviour is prohibited as it would result in an immediate or potential risk of personal injury or a threat to health

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6
Q 
Warning Sign (W):
1, How do we recognise it?
2, What is its purpose?
A

1, A Warning sign is a yellow triangle with a black border and a black symbol

2, Its purpose is to warn of any type of hazard which could result in personal injury or a threat to health

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7
Q

(1) What does GHS stand for?

(2) What is its purpose?

A

(1) GHS stands for Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
(2) The purpose of the GHS are to provide harmonised information to users of chemicals in order to enhance the protection of humans and the environment against hazardous chemicals and facilitate international trade by ensuring that all movement of chemicals in and out of a country are classified, packaged and labelled in accordance with the GHS

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8
Q

What are the advantages of the GHS? (3)

A

1, The GHS ensures that there is consistent information and communication of chemical hazards

2, The GHS helps chemical companies to reduce the cost and time required to comply with multiple regulations –> makes international sale and transportation of hazardous chemicals easier

3, The GHS ensures workplace conditions are safer for all chemical users and employees exposed to chemical hazards

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9
Q

What year did Singapore adopt the GHS?

A

2002

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10
Q

1, What is Singapore’s adoption of the GHS called and what year was it adopted?
2, What does it stand for?
3, What does it consist of? (3)

A

1, Singapore’s adopted of the GHS is called Singapore Standard SS586. It was adopted in 2008

2, Singapore Standard SS586 stands for “Specification for hazard communication for hazardous chemicals and dangerous goods”

3, It consists of 3 parts: (1) Part 1: Transport and storage of dangerous goods, (2) Part 2: Globally harmonised system of classification and labelling of chemicals - Singapore’s adaptions, (3) Part 3: Preparation of safety data sheets (SDS)

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11
Q

What are the 3 main hazard classes?

A

1, Physical hazards
2, Health hazards
3, Environmental hazards

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12
Q

What are the hazard classes under Physical Hazards? (16)

A 
1, Explosive
2, Flammable gases
3, Aerosols
4, Oxidising gases
5, Gas under pressure
6, Flammable liquids
7, Flammable solids
8, Self-reactive substances and mixtures
9, Pyrophoric liquids
10, Pyrophoric solids
11, Self-heating substances and mixtures
12, Substances and mixtures which, when in contact with water, emit flammable gases
13, Oxidising liquids
14, Oxidising solids
15, Organic peroxides
16, Corrosive to metals
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13
Q

What are the hazard classes under Health Hazards? (10)

A 
1, Acute toxicity
2, Skin corrosion/irritation
3, Serious eye damage/irritation
4, Respiratory or skin sensitisation
5, Germ cell mutagenicity 
6, Carcinogenicity
7, Reproductive toxicity
8, Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure
9, Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure
10, Aspiration hazard
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14
Q

What are the hazard classes under Environmental Hazards? (3)

A

1, Hazardous to Aquatic Environment - Acute toxicity
2, Hazardous to Aquatic Environment - Chronic toxicity
3, Hazardous to the Ozone Layer

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15
Q

Oxidisers
1, What is its hazard class?
2, What is the definition of chemicals with the Oxidisers pictogram?
3, Why is chemicals with the Oxidisers pictogram hazardous? (3 reasons)

A

1, Physical hazard

2, Chemicals with the Oxidisers pictogram are called oxidising substances and are defined as substances that may cause or contribute to combustion.

3, Chemicals with the Oxidisers pictogram are hazardous as they can (1) speed up the development of a fire, (2) promote and intensify combustion by causing substances that do not normally burn readily in air to burn readily in air or (3) cause combustible materials to burn spontaneously without the presence of ignition sources

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16
Q

Corrosives
1, What are their hazard classes?
2, Why are chemicals with the Corrosives pictogram hazardous? (2)

A

1, Physical and health hazard

2, Chemicals with the Corrosives pictogram are hazardous as (1) they are capable of causing visible destruction or irreversible changes in human skin tissues at the site of contact and (2) they can degrade other materials, usually metals, upon contact

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17
Q 
Acute Toxicity (Severe)
1, What is its hazard class?
2, Why is chemicals with the Acute Toxicity (Severe) pictogram hazardous? (2)
A

1, Health hazard

2, Chemicals with the Acute Toxicity (Severe) pictogram may (1) cause harmful long-term health effects or (2) be fatal

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18
Q

Environmental Toxicity
1, What is its hazard class?
2, Why are chemicals with the Environmental Toxicity pictogram hazardous? (2)

A

1, Environmental hazard

2, Chemicals with the Environmental Toxicity pictogram are hazardous as they (1) have the potential to cause harmful effects on the environment, people and animals and (2) are poisonous and can lead to death

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19
Q

Gases Under Pressure
1, What is its hazard class?
2, What chemicals have Gases Under Pressure pictograms?
3, Why are chemicals with Gases Under Pressure pictogram hazardous? (2)

A

1, Physical hazard

2, Compressed, liquefied, refrigerated liquefied and dissolved gases

3, They are hazardous as (1) these gases are stored in high pressure, which may pose a serious threat to life and property if there is a damage or it is exposed to high pressure, (2) faulty regulators/valves/gas cylinders can result in the diffusion of pressurised content into the surrounding atmosphere which may cause asphyxiation/acute poisoning/fires/explosions

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20
Q

Explosives/Self-Reactives/Organic Peroxides
1, What are their hazard class?
2, What is a precautionary measure to take when handling chemicals with these pictograms?
3, Why are chemicals with Explosives/Self-Reactives/Organic Peroxides pictograms hazardous? (3)

A

1, Physical hazard

2, A precautionary measure to take is to avoid contact with skin or eyes

3, They are hazardous as (1) such chemicals may cause fires, explosions or produce poisonous gases, (2) they may be fatal if swallowed or if their vapours are inhaled and (3) they can be toxic or corrosive

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21
Q

Carcinogenicity/Respiratory Sensitiser/Reproduction Toxicity/Target Organ Toxicity/Mutagenicity/Aspiration Toxicity
1, What are their hazard class?
2, How can they enter our body?
3, Why are they hazardous? (5)

A

1, Health hazard

2, They can enter directly through the mouth or by inhalation

3, They can cause

(1) cancer –> chemicals with the carcinogenicity pictogram,
(2) breathing difficulties –> chemicals with the respiratory sensitiser/aspiration toxicity pictograms, (3) infertility –> chemicals with the reproductive toxicity pictogram
(4) birth defects –> chemicals with the mutagenicity pictogram, or
(5) organ failure –> chemicals with the target organ toxicity pictogram

22
Q

Flammables
1, What is its hazard class?
2, What is its definition?
3, What are its categories & descriptions?
4, Why are chemicals with the Flammables pictogram hazardous?

A

1, Physical hazard

2, Flammables refer to flammable substances, which are defined as any organic or inorganic materials (solid, liquid or gas) that can be easily ignited and catch fire

3, There are 4 categories:

- Cat 1: Flash point less than 23°C, initial boiling point less than/equals to 35°C
- Cat 2: Flash point less than 23°C, initial boiling point more than 35°C
- Cat 3: Flash point between 23°C and 60°C
- Cat 4: Flash point between 60°C and 93°C

4, Chemicals with the Flammables pictogram are dangerous because they may cause fires and explosions, which may result in serious injury or loss of life and property

23
Q 
Pyrophorics
1, What is their hazard class?
2, What is their definition?
3, What are some examples? (4)
4, Why are chemicals with the Pyrophorics pictogram hazardous?
A

1, Physical hazard

2, Pyrophorics refer to pyrophoric substances which are chemicals that can ignite spontaneously in air at a temperature of 54.4°C and below

3, (1) phosphine, (2) sodium hydride, (3) butyl lithium, (4) group I elements

4, They can cause fires/explosions

24
Q

1, What is the GHS Hazard Communication made up of? (3)

2, What is the purpose of the GHS Hazard Communication?

A

1, It is made up of 3 parts: (1) GHS Labels, (2) GHS Safety Data Sheet and (3) Training

2, The GHS Hazard Communication is meant to identify the intrinsic hazards of the chemicals and convey the hazard information about each hazard class and category to consumers, chemical users, logistic workers and emergency responders so that they can take the necessary precautions to ensure safe use and handling

25
Q

How many sections does the GHS SDS contain?

A

16

26
Q

How is the GHS SDS is maintained?

A

Under SS 586: Part 3: 2008 (2014), Section 5.2 - Every 5 years, suppliers shall also periodically review the information on their product label and safety data sheet, even if no new and significant information has been provided to them in respect of that substance or mixture.

Hence, suppliers are expected to regularly review the SDS collection in the laboratory and replace all SDS which are more than 5 years old

27
Q

What are the 7 information items required in a GHS label?

A 
1, Product identifier/name
2, Signal word
3, Pictogram
4, Hazard statement
5, Precautionary statement
6, Supplementary information
7, Supplier information
28
Q

What is Product Identifier on the GHS label?

A

Product identifier on the GHS label refers to the name of the product

29
Q

1, What is the purpose of the Signal Word on the GHS label?

2, What are the types of Signal Words (2) and their respective purposes?

A

1, Signal words indicate the relative hazard severity and alert the reader/user of a potential hazard.

2, There are 2 types of signal words: (1) Danger –> more severe, (2) Warning –> less severe

30
Q

What is the purpose of a Pictogram on the GHS label?

A

A Pictogram on the GHS label conveys the hazardous properties and hazard severity of a chemical

31
Q

1, What is the purpose of a hazard statement?

A

A hazard statement is used for substance or mixture possessing more than one hazard

32
Q

What are precautionary statements?

A

Precautionary statements are phrases which describe recommended measures that should be taken to minimise or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposure, improper storage or handling of a hazardous product

33
Q

What are supplementary information?

A

Supplementary information are additional information for lab users which may not be extracted from the SDS

34
Q

1, What is a type of head protection?

2, What are its functions?

A

1, Safety helmet
2, Safety helmets are meant to protect from potential head injuries from (1) fallen objects above, (2) bumping of heads against fixed objects or (3) coming into contact with electrical hazards

35
Q

1, What is a type of eye protection?

2, When are they meant to be worn?

A

1, Safety glasses/goggles

2, They are meant to be worn when there is a risk of chemical splash or flying objects

36
Q

1, What is a type of eye & face protection?

2, When should it be worn?

A

1, Face shields

2, They should be worn if there is a hazard of splashes of corrosive liquid or flying particles

37
Q

1, What is a type of ear protection?

2, When should they be worn?

A

1, Ear plug/ear muffs
2, They should they be worn when workers are exposed to noise level above 85 dBA. Dual protection is required at noise level above 100 dBA

38
Q

1, What are the 3 types of respiratory protection?

2, What are their respective functions?

A

1, Surgical mask, disposable respirator and respirator with filter/cartridges

2, Functions:

(1) Surgical mask: Surgical masks are meant to protect against large droplets and splashes
(2) Disposable respirators: Disposable respirators are meant to protect against harmful dusts, fumes, vapours and gases
(3) Respirators with filter/cartridges: Respirators with filters/cartridges are meant to protect against a variety of particulates, hazardous vapours, dust, mists, fumes

39
Q

1, What are the types of skin/body protection?

2, What are their functions?

A

1, Overalls/Lab Coats
2, They protect the skin, body or personal clothing from incidental contact with chemicals, small splashes and prevent spread of contamination

40
Q

1, What is a type of skin/hand protection?

2, What is its function?

A

1, Gloves

2, Gloves are meant to minimise the risk of hand contact with hazardous chemicals while working in a laboratory

41
Q

1, What is a type of foot protection?

2, What are their respective functions?

A

1, Fully covered shoes/safety shoes
2, Functions:
(1) Fully covered shoes prevent chemicals from accidentally dripping or spilling onto feet
(2) Safety shoes protect from possible foot injuries, exposure to or contact with hot substances/corrosive materials/poisonous materials, wet or slippery surfaces or working with sharp objects

42
Q

What are the 8 types of gloves?

A 
1, Latex gloves
2, Nitrile gloves
3, Neoprene gloves
4, Butyl gloves
5, Cut-resistance gloves
6, Cotton gloves
7, Heat resistance gloves
8, Cyro gloves
43
Q

Latex Gloves
1, What type of contact are latex gloves suitable for?
2, What do latex gloves protect against? (8)
3, What are latex gloves unsuitable for? (3)

A

1, Latex gloves are suitable for incidental contact

2, Latex gloves protect against: (1) wet work, (2) plastering, (3) contact with mild chemicals, (4) biohazards, (5) bases, (6) alcohols, (7) inorganic chemicals, (8) water solutions of acids, alkalis, salts and ketones

3, Latex gloves are unsuitable for: (1) organic solvents, (2) oils –> nitrile gloves, (3) greases –> nitrile gloves

44
Q

Nitrile Gloves
1, What type of contact are nitrile gloves suitable for?
2, What do nitrile gloves protect against? (6)
3, What are nitrile gloves unsuitable for? (4)

A

1, Nitrile gloves are suitable for incidental contact

2, Nitrile gloves protect against: (1) oils, (2) greases, (3) aliphatic chemicals, (4) acids, (5) caustics, (6) alcohols

3, Nitrile gloves are unsuitable for: (1) strong oxidising agents, (2) aromatic solvents, (3) ketones –> butyl gloves, (4) acetates

45
Q

Neoprene Gloves
1, What type of contact are neoprene gloves suitable for?
2, What do neoprene gloves protect against? (4)
3, What are neoprene gloves unsuitable for? (1)

A

1, Neoprene gloves are suitable for extended contact

2, Neoprene gloves protect against: (1) hydraulic fluids, (2) gasoline, (3) alcohols, (4) organic acids and alkalis

3, Neoprene gloves are unsuitable for: (1) halogenated and aromatic hydrocarbons

46
Q

Butyl Gloves
1, What type of contact are butyl gloves suitable for?
2, What do butyl gloves protect against? (8)
3, What are butyl gloves unsuitable for? (2)

A

1, Butyl gloves are suitable for extended contact

2, Butyl gloves protect against: (1) ketones, (2) esters, (3) peroxides, (4) highly corrosive acids, (5) strong bases, (6) alcohols, (7) aldehydes and (8) nitrocompoudns

3, Butyl gloves are unsuitable for: (1) halogenated solvents, (2) aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons

47
Q

What do cut-resistance gloves protect against?

A

Cut-resistance gloves provide protection against cuts while working with or handling sharp tools and broken glass

48
Q

Cotton Gloves
1, What type of work are they suitable for?
2, What do they provide protection for?
3, What are they poor for?

A

1, Cotton gloves are suitable for light duty work

2, Cotton gloves provide protection for minimal to moderate resistance to heat and cold or against abrasion

3, Cotton gloves are poor for rough or sharp materials

49
Q

What do heat-resistance gloves provide protection for?

A

Heat-resistance gloves provide protection for the handling of hot objects

50
Q

What do cryo gloves provide protection for?

A

Cryo gloves provide protection for the handling of ultra-low temperature objects or equipment

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