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Biology IGSCE > Topic 1: Characteristics of living organisms > Flashcards

Topic 1: Characteristics of living organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 7 characteristics of living organisms?

A

Mrs Gren

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity

Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

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2
Q

Define movement

A

An action by an organism

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3
Q

Define nutrition

A

Taking in of materials for energy, growth and development

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4
Q

Define respiration

A

The chemical reaction in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism.

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5
Q

Define sensitivity

A

The ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment.

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6
Q

Define growth

A

A permanent increase in size and dry mass

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7
Q

Define reproduction

A

The processes that make more of the same kind of organism

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8
Q

Define excretion

A

The processes that make more of the same kind of organism

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9
Q

Define the binomial system

A

System of naming organisms is an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species.

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10
Q

Define species

A

A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring. The smallest natural group of organisms. Written with a small letter after Genus i.e
Herpestes edwardsii

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11
Q

Define genus

A

Contains a lot of closely related species.
First word and written with a capital letter
i.e Herpestes edwardsii

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12
Q

What are dichotomous keys?

A

They are used to identify unfamiliar organisms

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13
Q

What is a vertabrate?

A

Organism that has a internal backbone - Endoskeleton

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14
Q

What is an invertabrate?

A

Organism that has an exoskeleton - external skeleton

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15
Q

What is DNA short for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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16
Q

What is DNA made up of?

A

A sequence of bases, coding of amino acids and therefore proteins

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17
Q

What are chromosomes made up of?

A

Chromosomes are made up of strings of genes. The chemical that forms the genes is DNA.

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18
Q

What features do all living organisms have in common?

A

Presence of cytoplasm and cell membranes as well as DNA

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19
Q

What is a kingdom?

A

Category of living organisms

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20
Q

What sets animals apart?

A

Multicellular organism

Cells have no cell walls or chloroplasts

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21
Q

Name the 5 kingdoms

A 
Plants
Animals
Protoctists
Bacteria (prokaryote)
Fungi

PABBF
Plants and Peacocks bake fudge

22
Q

The animal kingdom is broken in two groups (phylum)

A

Arthropods (Invertebrates) and vertebrates

23
Q

Name the difference classes of vertebrates

A 
Fish
Amphibians (frogs etc)
Reptiles (snakes)
Birds
Mammals
24
Q

Mammals have two types of body temperature

A

Warm blooded - Internal regulatory mechanism keeps temperature stable.
Cold blooded - variable body temperature that depends on the temperature of their surroundings.

25
Q

Key features of fish

A

Examples - Trout, shark
Body covering - Scales
Movement - Fins
Reproduction - Produce jelly covered eggs in water
Sense Organs - Eyes, no ears, lateral line for detecting vibration in the water
Other - Cold blooded, gills for breathing

26
Q

Key features of amphibians

A

Examples - frog, toad
Body covering - moist skin
Movement - Four feet, back feet webbed
Reproduction - Produce jelly covered eggs in water
Sense Organs - Eyes, ears
Other - Cold blooded, lungs and skin for breathing

27
Q

Key features of reptiles

A

Examples - Lizard, snake
Body covering - dry skin with scales
Movement - 4 legs (excluding snakes)
Reproduction - Produce eggs with a rubbery waterproof shell, laid on land
Sense Organs - Eyes, ears
Other - Cold blooded, lungs for breathing

28
Q

Key features of birds

A

Examples - Sparrow, pigeon
Body covering - Feathers with scales on legs
Movement - Two wings and two legs
Reproduction - Produce eggs with a hard shell, laid on land
Sense Organs - Eyes, ears
Other - Warm blooded, lungs for breathing, beak

29
Q

Key features of mammals

A

Examples - Mouse and hyena
Body covering - Fur
Movement - Four limbs
Reproduction - Produce living young
Sense Organs - Eyes, ears with pinna (external flap)
Other - Warm blooded, lungs, females have mammary glands (to feed young) , four types of teeth.

30
Q

Name 4 classes of Arthropods (invertebrates)

A

Crustacea (crabs, shrimps and water fleas)
Insects
Arachnids (spiders and mites)
Myriapods (centipedes and millipedes)

31
Q

Key features of insects

A 
(Dragonfly, wasp)
3 pairs of legs
body divided into head, thorax and abdomen
1 pair of antennae
1 pair of compound eyes
Usually have two pairs of wings
32
Q

Key Features of arachnids

A

(Spider, mite)
4 pairs of legs
body divided into cephalothorax (combined head and thorax) and abdomen
no antennae
several pairs of simple eyes
Pair of pedipalps adapted for biting and poisoning prey

33
Q

Key features of crustacea

A

(Crab, woodlice)
5 or more pairs of limbs
body divided into cephalothorax (combined head and thorax) and abdomen
2 pairs of antennaes
1 pair of compound eyes
exoskeleton forms hard covering over most of body

34
Q

Key features of myriapods

A 
(centipede, millipede)
10 or more pairs of legs
Body not obviously divided into thorax and abdomen
1 pair of antennae
Simple eyes
35
Q

Describe the plant kingdom

A

Plants made up of many cells (multicellular)
Outside wall made of cellulose
Most cells contain chloroplasts with chlorophyll

36
Q

What are the two groups in the plant kingdom?

A 
Flowering plants (Angiosperm)
Ferns
37
Q

Flowering plants are split into types

A

Monocotyledons ( 1 embryonic leaf) - long narrow leaves with parallel leaf veins, flowers in multiples of 3
Dicotyledons (2 embryonic leaves) - leaves are broad with leaf veins forming a branch network - flowers in multiples of 5

38
Q

Characteristics of flowering plants (angiosperm)

A

Produce flowers, fruits and seeds
extensive root system
Xylem and phloem to transport water, mineral ions and sugars
Stomata (allows CO2 into leaves and oxygen and water to leave)

39
Q

Characteristics of ferns

A 
Leaves are known as fronds ( contain sporangia that releases spores for reproduction)
Stem is usually below ground
Roots grow directly from stems
Sieve tubes and water conducting cells 
Leaves are several cells thick
40
Q

Draw a bacteria cell

A

Example

41
Q

Is Bacteria unicellular or multicellular?

A

Unicellular

42
Q

Are bacteria pathogenic or non pathogenic?

A

Both
Pathnogenic (cause disease) - i.e. TB
Non pathogenic (do not cause disease) - i.e. Bacteria for yogurt

43
Q

Characteristics of Viruses

A

Smaller then bacteria
Non- living
Always pathogenic

44
Q

Draw a virus

A

Example

45
Q

Characteristics of protoctists

A

Unicellular and multi cellular
Chorella and Algae - Plant like (cell walls and chloroplasts)
Amoeba - Animal like ( no cell wall)

46
Q

Draw Fungi

A

Example

47
Q

Types of fungi

A

Mucor and mushrooms

48
Q

What type of nutrition does Fungi display?

A

Saprotropic nutrition - extracellular secretion of enzymes onto dead matter

49
Q

What are fungal parasites

A

They live on other organisms particularly plants - cause disease.

50
Q

Define tissue

A

A group of cell with similar structures working together to perform a shared function.

51
Q

Draw the magnification formula

A

I/M*A

52
Q

When working out magnification what do you need to convert everything into?

A

Meters

Biology IGSCE (2 decks)

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