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Biology IGSCE > Topic 1: Characteristics of living organisms > Flashcards

Topic 1: Characteristics of living organisms Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 characteristics of living organisms?

A

Mrs Gren

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity

Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

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2
Q

Define movement

A

An action by an organism

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3
Q

Define nutrition

A

Taking in of materials for energy, growth and development

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4
Q

Define respiration

A

The chemical reaction in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism.

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5
Q

Define sensitivity

A

The ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment.

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6
Q

Define growth

A

A permanent increase in size and dry mass

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7
Q

Define reproduction

A

The processes that make more of the same kind of organism

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8
Q

Define excretion

A

The processes that make more of the same kind of organism

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9
Q

Define the binomial system

A

System of naming organisms is an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species.

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10
Q

Define species

A

A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring. The smallest natural group of organisms. Written with a small letter after Genus i.e
Herpestes edwardsii

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11
Q

Define genus

A

Contains a lot of closely related species.
First word and written with a capital letter
i.e Herpestes edwardsii

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12
Q

What are dichotomous keys?

A

They are used to identify unfamiliar organisms

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13
Q

What is a vertabrate?

A

Organism that has a internal backbone - Endoskeleton

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14
Q

What is an invertabrate?

A

Organism that has an exoskeleton - external skeleton

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15
Q

What is DNA short for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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16
Q

What is DNA made up of?

A

A sequence of bases, coding of amino acids and therefore proteins

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17
Q

What are chromosomes made up of?

A

Chromosomes are made up of strings of genes. The chemical that forms the genes is DNA.

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18
Q

What features do all living organisms have in common?

A

Presence of cytoplasm and cell membranes as well as DNA

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19
Q

What is a kingdom?

A

Category of living organisms

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20
Q

What sets animals apart?

A

Multicellular organism

Cells have no cell walls or chloroplasts

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21
Q

Name the 5 kingdoms

A 
Plants
Animals
Protoctists
Bacteria (prokaryote)
Fungi

PABBF
Plants and Peacocks bake fudge

22
Q

The animal kingdom is broken in two groups (phylum)

A

Arthropods (Invertebrates) and vertebrates

23
Q

Name the difference classes of vertebrates

A 
Fish
Amphibians (frogs etc)
Reptiles (snakes)
Birds
Mammals
24
Q

Mammals have two types of body temperature

A

Warm blooded - Internal regulatory mechanism keeps temperature stable.
Cold blooded - variable body temperature that depends on the temperature of their surroundings.

25
Key features of fish
Examples - Trout, shark Body covering - Scales Movement - Fins Reproduction - Produce jelly covered eggs in water Sense Organs - Eyes, no ears, lateral line for detecting vibration in the water Other - Cold blooded, gills for breathing
26
Key features of amphibians
Examples - frog, toad Body covering - moist skin Movement - Four feet, back feet webbed Reproduction - Produce jelly covered eggs in water Sense Organs - Eyes, ears Other - Cold blooded, lungs and skin for breathing
27
Key features of reptiles
Examples - Lizard, snake Body covering - dry skin with scales Movement - 4 legs (excluding snakes) Reproduction - Produce eggs with a rubbery waterproof shell, laid on land Sense Organs - Eyes, ears Other - Cold blooded, lungs for breathing
28
Key features of birds
Examples - Sparrow, pigeon Body covering - Feathers with scales on legs Movement - Two wings and two legs Reproduction - Produce eggs with a hard shell, laid on land Sense Organs - Eyes, ears Other - Warm blooded, lungs for breathing, beak
29
Key features of mammals
Examples - Mouse and hyena Body covering - Fur Movement - Four limbs Reproduction - Produce living young Sense Organs - Eyes, ears with pinna (external flap) Other - Warm blooded, lungs, females have mammary glands (to feed young) , four types of teeth.
30
Name 4 classes of Arthropods (invertebrates)
Crustacea (crabs, shrimps and water fleas) Insects Arachnids (spiders and mites) Myriapods (centipedes and millipedes)
31
Key features of insects
``` (Dragonfly, wasp) 3 pairs of legs body divided into head, thorax and abdomen 1 pair of antennae 1 pair of compound eyes Usually have two pairs of wings ```
32
Key Features of arachnids
(Spider, mite) 4 pairs of legs body divided into cephalothorax (combined head and thorax) and abdomen no antennae several pairs of simple eyes Pair of pedipalps adapted for biting and poisoning prey
33
Key features of crustacea
(Crab, woodlice) 5 or more pairs of limbs body divided into cephalothorax (combined head and thorax) and abdomen 2 pairs of antennaes 1 pair of compound eyes exoskeleton forms hard covering over most of body
34
Key features of myriapods
``` (centipede, millipede) 10 or more pairs of legs Body not obviously divided into thorax and abdomen 1 pair of antennae Simple eyes ```
35
Describe the plant kingdom
Plants made up of many cells (multicellular) Outside wall made of cellulose Most cells contain chloroplasts with chlorophyll
36
What are the two groups in the plant kingdom?
``` Flowering plants (Angiosperm) Ferns ```
37
Flowering plants are split into types
Monocotyledons ( 1 embryonic leaf) - long narrow leaves with parallel leaf veins, flowers in multiples of 3 Dicotyledons (2 embryonic leaves) - leaves are broad with leaf veins forming a branch network - flowers in multiples of 5
38
Characteristics of flowering plants (angiosperm)
Produce flowers, fruits and seeds extensive root system Xylem and phloem to transport water, mineral ions and sugars Stomata (allows CO2 into leaves and oxygen and water to leave)
39
Characteristics of ferns
``` Leaves are known as fronds ( contain sporangia that releases spores for reproduction) Stem is usually below ground Roots grow directly from stems Sieve tubes and water conducting cells Leaves are several cells thick ```
40
Draw a bacteria cell
Example
41
Is Bacteria unicellular or multicellular?
Unicellular
42
Are bacteria pathogenic or non pathogenic?
Both Pathnogenic (cause disease) - i.e. TB Non pathogenic (do not cause disease) - i.e. Bacteria for yogurt
43
Characteristics of Viruses
Smaller then bacteria Non- living Always pathogenic
44
Draw a virus
Example
45
Characteristics of protoctists
Unicellular and multi cellular Chorella and Algae - Plant like (cell walls and chloroplasts) Amoeba - Animal like ( no cell wall)
46
Draw Fungi
Example
47
Types of fungi
Mucor and mushrooms
48
What type of nutrition does Fungi display?
Saprotropic nutrition - extracellular secretion of enzymes onto dead matter
49
What are fungal parasites
They live on other organisms particularly plants - cause disease.
50
Define tissue
A group of cell with similar structures working together to perform a shared function.
51
Draw the magnification formula
I/M*A
52
When working out magnification what do you need to convert everything into?
Meters

Biology IGSCE (2 decks)

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