Topic 1 Chapter 1 - 1.1.1 - 1.1.3 - Muscular Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the three bones of the arm called?

Answer 1

Humerus, Radius and Ulna

Question 2

What are the three bones of the leg called?

Answer 2

Femur, tibia and fibula

Question 3

What is the technical term for the kneecap?

Answer 3

Patella

Question 4

What are the three main bones in the hand?

Answer 4

Carpals, metacarpals and phalanges

Question 5

What are the five sections of the spine called?

Answer 5

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx

Question 6

What are the two bones of the shoulder called?

Answer 6

Clavicle and scapula

Question 7

What are the three bones of the foot called?

Answer 7

Tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges

Question 8

What is the flat-bone on the chest called?

Answer 8

Sternum

Question 9

What are the technical names for the skull and jaw bones?

Answer 9

Cranium and Mandible

Question 10

What are the three joint types?

Answer 10

Fibrous, Cartilaginous and Synovial

Question 11

What does Synovial Fluid do within the Synovial Joint

Answer 11

It reduces joint friction by lubrication and maintains joint stability

Question 12

What does the Synovial Membrane do?

Answer 12

It encloses and secretes fluid

Question 13

What is the Joint Capsule?

Answer 13

It’s a sleeve of tough, fibrous tissue that surrounds the joint

Question 14

What is a Ligament?

Answer 14

A ligament is an extension of the joint capsule consisting of strong fibrous connective tissue that provides stability by joining bone to bone

Question 15

What does Articular Cartilage do?

Answer 15

It prevents friction between bones, and cushions the ends of bones

Question 16

What do Bursae do?

Answer 16

Prevents friction and ware

Question 17

What do the Pads of Fat do?

Answer 17

Cushion the joint

Question 18

What do Menisci do?

Answer 18

Help bones fit together and improve stabilisation of the joint

Question 19

What are the types of bones?

Answer 19

Long, short, flat and irregular

Question 20

What is the principle function of Long Bones?

Answer 20

Act as levers

Question 21

What is the principle function of Short Bones?

Answer 21

They have strength and lightness

Question 22

What is the principle function of Flat Bones?

Answer 22

Have large surface areas for muscle and tendon attachment and, also for protection

Question 23

What is the principle function of Irregular Bones?

Answer 23

Some (such as Vertebrae) are for protection and other (such as the patella) increases the bodies mechanical advantage

Question 24

What are the three types of Cartilage?

Answer 24

Hyaline (articular), White fibro and Yellow elastic cartilage

Question 25

What are the features of Hyaline (Articular) Cartilage

Answer 25

It has a smooth, solid matrix which sits on the end of the bones, and forms the exact surfaces which are in contact and move across one another when a joint is used

Question 26

What are the features of White Fibro-Cartilage

Answer 26

It is tough and slightly flexible and exists between vertebrae

Question 27

What are the features of Yellow Elastic Cartilage

Answer 27

It is soft and elastic and exists in the ear lobes

Question 28

What does the joint movement Abduction mean?

Answer 28

Movement away from the midline

Question 29

What does the joint movement Adduction mean?

Answer 29

Movement towards the midline

Question 30

What does the joint movement Flexion mean?

Answer 30

A bending movement

Question 31

What does the joint movement Extension mean?

Answer 31

A straightening movement

Question 32

What does the joint movement Circumduction mean?

Answer 32

A combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

Question 33

What does the joint movement Horizontal Flexion mean?

Answer 33

When the shoulder starts in a flexed position with the arms parallel to the ground, followed by the shoulder joint moving towards the midline of the body

Question 34

What does the joint movement Horizontal Extension mean?

Answer 34

When the shoulder joint, with the arm(s) are parallel to the ground, move away from the midline of the body

Question 35

What does the joint movement Depression mean?

Answer 35

Movement of the shoulder downwards

Question 36

What does the joint movement Elevation mean?

Answer 36

Movement of the shoulder upwards

Question 37

What does the joint movement Plantarflexion mean?

Answer 37

Extending the toes thereby increasing the angle at the ankle

Question 38

What does the joint movement Dorsiflexion mean?

Answer 38

Movement of the foot towards the shin

Question 39

What does the joint movement Eversion mean?

Answer 39

The turning of the sole of the foot laterally outwards

Question 40

What does the joint movement Inversion mean?

Answer 40

The turning of the sole of the foot medially inwards

Question 41

What does the joint movement Pronation mean?

Answer 41

Rotation of the forearm medially so the hand is facing downwards

Question 42

What does the joint movement Supination mean?

Answer 42

Rotation of the forearm laterally so the hand is facing upwards

Question 43

What does the joint movement Lateral Flexion mean?

Answer 43

Is bending sideways

Question 44

What does the joint movement Hyperextension mean?

Answer 44

Forced extension of a joint beyond its normal range of motion

Question 45

What does the joint movement Medial Rotation mean?

Answer 45

Rotation towards the midline of the body

Question 46

What does the joint movement Lateral Rotation mean?

Answer 46

Rotation away from the midline of the body

Question 47

What are the six synovial joint types?

Answer 47

Ball and Socket, Hinge, Pivot, Condyloid (modified ball & socket), Saddle and, Gliding

Question 48

What is the range of motion of a ball and socket joint?

Answer 48

3 axes - Flexion + Extension, Abduction + Adduction, Rotation, Circumduction

Question 49

What are examples of ball and socket joint type locations and their articulation bones?

Answer 49

Hip: Femur, pelvis Shoulder: Scapula, Humerus

Question 50

What is the range of motion of a Hinge joint?

Answer 50

1 axes - Flexion + Extension

Question 51

What are examples of Hinge joint type locations and their articulation bones?

Answer 51

Knee: Femur, Tibia Elbow: Humerus, Radius, Ulna

Question 52

What is the range of motion of a Pivot joint?

Answer 52

1 axes - Rotation

Question 53

What are examples of Pivot joint type locations and their articulation bones?

Answer 53

Spine: Atlas: odontoid process of axis (turns head side to side Elbow: Radius, Ulna and Humerus

Question 54

What is the range of motion of Condyloid (modified ball and socket) joint?

Answer 54

2 axes - flexion + extension, Abduction + Adduction = Circumduction

Question 55

What are examples of Condyloid joint type locations and their articulation bones?

Answer 55

Knuckles: Joint of fingers: Metacarpals, Phalanges Wrist - radio-ulnar joint: Radius, Carpals

Question 56

What is the range of motion of a Saddle joint?

Answer 56

2 axes - flexion + extension, Abduction + Adduction = Circumduction

Question 57

What are examples of Saddle joint type locations and their articulation bones?

Answer 57

Joint at base of thumb: Carpals, Metacarpals

Question 58

What is the range of motion of a Gliding joint?

Answer 58

A little movement in all directions

Question 59

What are examples of Gliding joint type locations and their articulation bones?

Answer 59

Centre of Chest: Clavicle, Sternum Spine: Articulating surfaces Wrist: Carpals Ankle: Tarsals

Question 60

What are the muscles in the Quadricep Group?

Answer 60

Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedius , Vastus Medialis

Question 61

What are the muscles in the Hamstring Group?

Answer 61

Semitendinosus, Biceps Femoris, Semimembranosus

Question 62

What is the technical name for the calf muscle?

Answer 62

Gastrocnemius

Question 63

What muscles are found on the shoulder?

Answer 63

Anterior and Posterior Deltoid

Question 64

What muscles are located on the upper arm?

Answer 64

Biceps Brachii and Triceps Brachii

Question 65

What muscle is located on the front of the chest?

Answer 65

Pectorales Major

Question 66

What muscle is located on the upper back and neck?

Answer 66

Trapezius

Question 67

What is the name of the muscle located on the neck?

Answer 67

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 68

What is the muscle on the back called?

Answer 68

Latissimus Dorsi

Question 69

What is the name of the muscle on the front of the abdomen?

Answer 69

Rectus Abdominus

Question 70

What is the name of the muscle on the side of the abdomen?

Answer 70

External Abdominal Obliques

Question 71

What muscles is located behind the pelvis?

Answer 71

Gluteus Maximus

Question 72

What is the muscle on the front of the lower leg called?

Answer 72

Tibialis Anterior

Question 73

What are antagonistic pair responsible for shoulder adduction?

Answer 73

Latissimus dorsi, anterior deltoid

Question 74

What are antagonistic pair responsible for horizontal flexion in the shoulder joint?

Answer 74

Pectoralis major, anterior deltoid

Question 75

What are antagonistic pair responsible for extension in the shoulder joint?

Answer 75

Posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi

Question 76

What are antagonistic pair responsible for extension in the arm/elbow?

Answer 76

Triceps brachii, anconeus (forearm)

Question 77

What are antagonistic pair responsible for flexion in the arm/elbow?

Answer 77

Biceps brachii, Brachialis

Question 78

What are antagonistic pair responsible for flexion in the wrist?

Answer 78

Flexor carpi radialis, flexi carpi ulnaris

Question 79

What are antagonistic pair responsible for extension in the wrist?

Answer 79

Extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum

Question 80

What are antagonistic pair responsible for supination in the forearm?

Answer 80

Supinator, biceps brachii

Question 81

What are antagonistic pair responsible for pronation in the forearm?

Answer 81

Pronator teres, pronator quadratus

Question 82

What is the Agonist Muscle

Answer 82

It's the prime mover

Question 83

What is the Antagonist Muscle

Answer 83

The muscle that relaxes to allow movement of the agonist

Question 84

What is the Synergist

Answer 84

The muscle that works to hold the body in position so that the Agonist can work, preventing unwanted movement

Question 85

What is the fixator muscle?

Answer 85

Synergists by definition. They hold the bone of the Prime Mover's origin in place so that there is a stable base for the movement

Question 86

What is eccentric muscle contraction?

Answer 86

When the muscle lengthens under tension

Question 87

What is concentric muscle contraction?

Answer 87

When the muscle shortens under tension

Question 88

What is isometric muscle contraction?

Answer 88

When the muscle length stays the same under tension