Topic 1 - Cells & Tissues

Question 1

What is anatomy?

Answer 1

The study of the structure of the body.

Question 2

What is physiology?

Answer 2

The study of how the body functions.

Question 3

What is the broader field that anatomy and physiology belong to?

Answer 3

Biology – the study of life and living organisms.

Question 4

What acronym helps remember the seven life processes?

Answer 4

MRS GREN.

Question 5

What does MRS GREN stand for?

Answer 5

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 6

What are the three main groups of body systems?

Answer 6

1. Structural System (Skeletal, Muscular, Integumentary, Cardiovascular)
2. Coordinating System (Nervous, Endocrine)
3. Visceral System (Digestive, Respiratory, Urinary, Reproductive)

Question 7

What does the structural system contain?

Answer 7

Skeletal, Muscular, Integumentary, Cardiovascular

Question 8

What does the coordinating system contain?

Answer 8

Nervous & Endocrine

Question 9

What does the visceral system contain?

Answer 9

Digestive, Respiratory, Urinary, Reproductive

Question 10

What are cells

Answer 10

The basic structural and functional units of a living organism.

Question 11

What do cells contain that help them function?

Answer 11

Organelles, which perform essential processes like eating, excreting, and reproducing.

Question 12

What are the main components of a cell?

Answer 12

• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Nucleus
• Organelles

Question 13

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 13

It serves as the boundary of the cell and controls the movement of substances in and out.

Question 14

What is the cell membrane made of?

Answer 14

A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.

Question 15

What does selective permeability mean?

Answer 15

It allows only certain substances to pass through the membrane.

Question 16

What are the specialized transport systems in the cell membrane?

Answer 16

• Pores
• Simple diffusion
• Facilitated diffusion
• Active transport

Question 17

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 17

A fluid that fills the cell and contains organelles and solutes like glucose and proteins.

Question 18

What is the nucleus?

Answer 18

The “brain” of the cell that contains chromosomes and DNA.

Question 19

What is the function of DNA?

Answer 19

It provides genetic information for protein synthesis and cell function.

Question 20

What is produced inside the nucleolus?

Answer 20

Ribosomes.

Question 21

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 21

They generate ATP (energy) through respiration.

Question 22

Why do skeletal muscle cells have many mitochondria?

Answer 22

They require high amounts of energy.

Question 23

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 23

They are the site of protein synthesis.

Question 24

what is protein synthesis?

Answer 24

How cells make proteins using DNA instructions. It has two steps: transcription (making mRNA) and translation (building proteins from amino acids).

Question 25

What are the two types of ER?

Answer 25

1. Rough ER – has ribosomes, transports proteins. 2. Smooth ER – lacks ribosomes, synthesizes lipids and steroids.

Question 26

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 26

It modifies proteins by adding carbohydrates and helps in lysosome production and storage.

Question 27

What do lysosomes contain?

Answer 27

Digestive enzymes called lysozymes.

Question 28

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 28

They digest materials like bacteria and old organelles through phagocytosis or endocytosis.

Question 29

What is the role of centrioles in the cell?

Answer 29

They help with cell division (mitosis).

Question 30

What is the function of cilia?

Answer 30

They move fluids like mucus or debris along the cell surface.

Question 31

What is the function of flagella?

Answer 31

They help cells move, typically found in sperm cells.

Question 31

what is phagocytosis

Answer 31

when a cell engulfs and digests large particles, like bacteria, to protect the body. It’s like the cell "eating" harmful invaders.

Question 31

The structure labelled 1 in the cell shown below is:

Answer 31

a mitochondrion

Question 32

what is endocytosis

Answer 32

when a cell takes in substances from outside by wrapping its membrane around them and bringing them inside.

Question 33

Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the:

Answer 33

cytoplasm

Question 34

The structure labelled 2 in the cell shown below is:

Answer 34

the cell membrane

Question 35

Groups of cells that are similar in both structure and function are known as:

Answer 35

tissues.

Question 36

The organelle that is the 'information centre' of the cell and contains the genetic material is the:

Answer 36

nucleus

Question 37

The structure labelled 5 in the cell shown below is:

Answer 37

the golgi body

Question 38

The structure labelled 4 in the cell below is the:

Answer 38

nucleus

Question 39

The main difference between animal cells and plant cells is that plant cells have a cell wall

Answer 39

true