Topic 1: Cells

Question 1

Cell theory (3)

Answer 1

• Cells are the smallest unit of life
• Cells must rise from pre existing cells
• All organisms are made up of 1 of more cells

Question 2

Growth

Answer 2

• permanent increase of dry mass

Question 3

Reproduction

Answer 3

• ability to create offspring

Question 4

Excretion

Answer 4

• removal of metabolic waste

Question 5

Nutrition

Answer 5

• ability to intake the nutrients needed to sustain life

Question 6

response

Answer 6

• detecting stimuli and making an appropriate reaction

Question 7

Homeostasis

Answer 7

• maintaining constant internal conditions

Question 8

metabolism

Answer 8

• chemical reactions

Question 9

Characteristics of cells (3)

Answer 9

• microscopic
• discrete
• autonomous.

Question 10

Emergent properties

Answer 10

Actions which multiple cellular organisms can do which single cant e.g. talk

Question 11

How cells become specialized

Answer 11

STEM cells differentiate by activating different genes and producing specific proteins

Question 12

gene

Answer 12

• short strand of DNA which contains instructions for making a protein

Question 13

Eukaryote example

Answer 13

-Bacteria

Question 14

Prokaryote example

Answer 14

-Human cells

Question 15

Eukaryote characteristics

Answer 15

• Non-compartmentalized

- Inside structure don’t have membranes around them

Question 16

Eukaryotes Reproduction ____

Answer 16

Binary fission

Question 17

2 types of electron microscope

Answer 17

TEM

SEM

Question 18

TEM

Answer 18

2D

See’s through

Question 19

SEM

Answer 19

-3D

Question 20

Function of golgi

Answer 20

-Packaging proteins

Question 21

Function of lysosomes

Answer 21

Contains digestive enzymes

Question 22

Viscles

Answer 22

Deliver proteins

Question 23

Exocrine gland cells

Answer 23

-Make and secrete enzymes and hormones for use around the body outside of the cell

Question 24

Function of Palisade mesophyll cells

Answer 24

-Conduct photosynthesis by absorbing sunlight and converting it into carbohydrates.

Question 25

Phospholipids

Answer 25

1 head hydrophilic made of phosphates 2 tails made of lipids/hydrocarbon Whole thing is amphipathic

Question 26

Freeze-fracture

Answer 26

- rapid freezing and cracking. - uneven splitting of lumps and holes - proteins are embedded inside of the membrane. Like the chocolate with jellybeans - Done by davson danieli

Question 27

Endocytosis

Answer 27

- Taking in of nutrients outside of the cell - Can be split into phagocytosis and pinocytosis - Phagocytosis is when Phagocytes engulf a pathogen - Pinocytosis is the intake of liquid substances

Question 28

Singer-Nicolson-Fluid mosaic model

Answer 28

Proved davson danieli wrong Phospholipids and proteins can move around freely Two layers were complimentary