Topic 1: Cell Theory, Eukaryotic Cells, Prokaryotic Cells, Light Microscopes

Question 1

In plant and animal cells what does the nucleus contain?

Answer 1

Genes

Question 2

What are the three parts of the cell theory?

Answer 2

1. All living things are composed of one or more cells
2. A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 3

Why is skeletal Muscle an exception to the cell theory?

Answer 3

Skeletal Muscle is made up of muscle fibres. These fibres are much larger than most cells and contain hundreds of nuclei.

Question 4

Why are Giant Algae an exception to the cell theory?

Answer 4

Giant algae can grow as big as 100mm, and would be expected to have many cells but only contain a single nucleus. (Not multicellular)

Question 5

Why are Aseptate Fungi an exception to the cell theory?

Answer 5

Aseptate Fungi contain thread-like structures called hyphae. The hyphae are not divided up into sub-units that contain a single nucleus, instead there are long undivided sections that contain many nuclei.

Question 6

What are the three exceptions to the cell theory?

Answer 6

1. Skeletal Muscle
2. Giant Algae
3. Asepate Fungi

Question 7

What is the difference between prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 7

Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus.

Question 8

What organelles in a Eukaryotic cell have a single membrane?

Answer 8

1. Rough endoplasmic Reticulum
2. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
3. Golgi Apparatus
4. Lysosomes
5. Vesicles and Vacuoles

Question 9

What organelles in a Eukaryotic cell have a double membrane?

Answer 9

1. Nucleus
2. Mitochondria
3. Chloroplast (Plants Only)

Question 10

What is the advantage of compartmentalization?

Answer 10

Enzymes and Substrates used in a process can be concentrated in a small area, with pH and other conditions at optimum levels and with no other enzymes that might disrupt the process.

Question 11

What is the structure of Prokaryotic cells?

Answer 11

Prokaryotic cells are not compartmentalized and contain no membrane-bound organelles.

Question 12

Why is surface volume to area ratio important?

Answer 12

A cell that becomes too large may not be able to take in essential materials or excrete waste substances quickly enough. A high surface area to volume ratio is better than a small surface area to volume ratio.

Question 13

How do prokaryotic cells divide?

Answer 13

Prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission.

Question 14

What is binary fission?

Answer 14

Splitting in two, the bacterial chromosome is replicated so there are two identical copies. These move to opposite ends of the cell and the wall and plasma membrane are pulled inwards so the cell pinches apart to form two identical cells.

Question 15

What is the magnification equation?

Answer 15

Magnification = Size of image/size of specimen