Topic 1 Cell Level Systems Flashcards
Describe how you would use a light microscope
A specieman is put onto a slide and then stained. A cover slip is put on top of the slide and put onto the stage where the lamp light makes it visible.
Define magnification
the degree to which an object has enlarged
What is the formula for magnification of a mocrisocope
magnification of eyepiece x objective lens
What are some advantages of light microscopes
Cheap, can be used at most locations, no specialist needed, can observe living speciemen
What are disadvantages of light microcopes
Low resolution (200nm), low magnification strength (x1500), staining is required for some organelles to be visble
Describe how electron microscopes are used
They use beams of electrons as they have a smaller wavelength and can magnify smaller organelles
Advantages of electron microscopes
Can see small organelles and produce 3D images
Disadvantages of electron microscope
expensive, requires a specialist, can not magnify living organisms, not portable
Describe sub cellular structure of an eukaryotic
Nucleus (containing genetic material), Cytoplasm (where chemical reactions occur), Cell membrane (contain receptors which control what enters and exits the cell), Mitochondria (where aerobic respiration occurs), Ribosomes (where protein synthesis occurs)
What sub-cellular structures are only in plant cells
Chloroplasts, Permenant vaccuole (contains cell sap and makes plant rigid), Cell wall (cellulose and strengthens cell)
What sub cellular structures are there in prokaryotic organisms
Cytoplasm, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Plasmids (small rings of DNA), Single circular strand of DNA (which floats in cytoplasm)
Why is respiration essential
Provides our body with ATP / energy for cells to carry out their functions
What sort of reaction is respiration
Exothermic as heat energy is released
What is the word equation for respiration
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
What are the 2 types of respiration
Aerobic, Anaerobic
