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Biology > Topic 1 Cell Biology MPC > Flashcards

Topic 1 Cell Biology MPC Flashcards

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1
Q

If a Sequoia sempervirens tree is 100 m tall and a drawing of it is 100 mm tall, what is the magnification of the drawing?

A

x0.001

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2
Q

Which of the following structures does Escherichia coli have?

I. Ribosomes
II. Pili
III. Nucleus

A

I and II: Ribosomes and Pili

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3
Q 
What feature do plant cells have but not animal cells?
A. Plasma membranes
B. Mitochondria
C. Cell walls
D. 80S ribosomes
A

C. Cell walls

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4
Q 
Cells in the adrenal gland produce the hormone epinephrine and store it in vesicles. To release epinephrine these vesicles are carried to the plasma membrane and fuse with it. What process is occurring?
A. Expulsion
B. Exchange
C. Excretion
D. Exocytosis
A

D. Exocytosis

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5
Q

Define exocytosis

A

a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.

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6
Q

Define endocytosis

A

When substances are brought into the cell. The material to be internalised is surrounded by an area of cell membrane, which then buds off inside the cell to form a vesicle containing the ingested material.

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7
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.

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8
Q

During which stage of the cell cycle are the numbers of mitochondria increased in a cell?

A

Interphase

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9
Q

What is the principal mode of division for the prokaryote Escherichia coli   ?

A

Binary Fission

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10
Q

Where can 70S ribosomes be found?

A

Prokaryotes

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11
Q

Why do crop plants dry out when a field is irrigated with water contaminated by sea water?

A

The plants lose water by osmosis.

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12
Q

What is proportional to a cell’s surface area?

A

A. Rate of exchange of materials

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13
Q

The following events occur in mitosis.

X: Attachment of spindle microtubules to centromeres
Y: Movement of sister chromatids to opposite poles
Z: Supercoiling of chromosomes

What is the correct sequence of events?

A

Z → X → Y

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14
Q

Which process requires channel proteins?

A. Simple diffusion
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Binding of hormones
D. Exocytosis

A

B

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15
Q

What feature of cell membranes allows endocytosis to occur?

A

Fluidity of phospholipid bilayer

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16
Q

Which substance is used for structure in plants?

A

Cellulose

17
Q

Which characteristic of stem cells makes them useful for treating Stargardt’s disease?

A

A. They can differentiate into retinal cells.

18
Q

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

A

Eukaryotic cells are believed to have evolved from early prokaryotes that were engulfed by phagocytosis

19
Q

What organelles are suggested to have arisen via endosymbiosis?

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

20
Q

Which evidence falsifies the Davson–Danielli model?

I. The presence of globular proteins within the phospholipid bilayer

II. Non-polar amino acids cause proteins to remain embedded in membranes

III. Membrane proteins remain in a fixed position inside a membrane

A

I and II only

21
Q

Which organism has DNA located in three organelles?

A

A fern

22
Q

What is a role of cholesterol in animal cells?

A

It controls membrane fluidity

23
Q

Cell theory (3 beliefs)

A
  1. All living things are composed of cells
  2. The cell is the smallest unit of life
  3. Cells only arise from pre-existing cells
24
Q

How does striated muscle fibres question the cell theory?

A
  • Larger (30mm)
  • Several hundred nuclei
  • Cells may not function independently
25
Q

How do Giant Algae question the cell theory?

A
  • Grow very large (100mm)

- Unicellular

26
Q

How do Aseptate Fungal Hyphae question the cell theory?

A
  • Lack seperation (septa)
  • Continuous cytoplasm
  • Many nuclei
27
Q

What is an autotroph?

A

an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.

28
Q

What is a heterotroph?

A

an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients.

29
Q

Paramecium life functions?

MRSHENG

A 
M- move via cilia
R- asexual reproduction via mitosis
S- towards food
H- regulate gas and water levels
E- via anal pore
N- food vacuoles
G- heterotrophic
30
Q

Chlamydomona life functions?

MRSHENG

A 
M- non motile
R- asexual reproduction via mitosis
S- towards light
H- regulate gas and water levels
E- via diffusion
N- photosynthesis
G- autotrophic

Biology (2 decks)

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