Topic 1- Cell Biology :) Flashcards
What cell structures are included within an animal cell?
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Ribosomes
- Mitochondria
What cell structures are included within a plant cell?
- Nucleus
- Vacuole
- Cell wall
- Cell membrane
- Chloroplast
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosomes
- Mitochondria
What cell structures are included within a bacterial Cell?
- Ribosomes
- Cell wall
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Plasma
- Long strand of DNA
What cell structures are included within a fungal cell?
- Ribosomes
- Mitochondria
- Cell wall
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
What is the function of the Nucleus?
To control all cell activities
What is the function of the cell membrane?
To control entry and exit of materials
What is the function of the cell wall
To stop cell bursting when full of water
What is the function of the vacuole?
To store cell sap
What is the function of tue chloroplast?
It is the site of photosynthesis
What is the function of the Cytoplasm?
It is the sight of chemical reactions
What is the function of the Ribosomes?
They make proteins out of amino acids
What is the function of the mitochondrion
It is the sight of aerobic respiration
Describe diffusion
Diffusion is when molecules from an area of high concentration move to an area of low concentration (moving down a concentration gradient)
Diffusion is a PASSIVE process. What does this mean?
A passive process means it does not require energy
What is a selectively permeable membrane?
This means that it only allows small molecules to pass through
What is diffusion essential for?
- the exchange of respitory gases
- the movement of dissolved food
- the movement of gases during photosynthesis
A concentration gradient exists when…
There is a difference on concentration at either side of a cell (between cells and their environment)
Two substances that will Diffuse into a cell-
Oxygen and glucose
Two substances that will diffuse out of a cell-
Carbon dioxide and water= energy
If there are 4 molecules inside of a cell and 6 outside of the cell, in which direction would they move?
They would go to the inside of the cell
Name type of molecule in the cell membrane that allowes substances to pass through
Protein channel/ pore
Describe osmosis
The movement of water molecules from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane. (It is a passive process)
What is the definition of “selectively permeable”?
This means that only molecules of a certain size can pass through the membrane
What is the definition of “selectively permeable”?
This means that only molecules of a certain size can pass through the membrane
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (moving down a concentration gradient)
Describe a concentration gradient
The difference in concentration between an area of high concentration of a substance and an area of low concentration of a substance.
Different concentration gradient of substances exist between cells and their environment
Diffusion in single- celled organisms
Single celled organisms rely on diffusion to keep them alive.
Diffusion in single- celled organisms
Single celled organisms rely on diffusion to keep them alive.
Whay equation is used to describe diffusion in single- celled organisms?
O²+glucose -> CO²+H²O = energy
(Oxygen and glucose diffuse INTO the cell
Carbon dioxide and other wastes diffuse OUT of the cell)
What is diffusion essential for in Multicellular organisms?
- the exchange of respitory gases between the lungs and capillaries
- the movement of dissolved food from the villi in the small intestine to the blood capillaries
- the movement of gases during photosynthesis between plant sonata and the atmosphere
Describe the structure of DNA
A double stranded helix
Describe the base pairing rule
Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T)
Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G)
