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GCSE AQA biology (all topics) > Topic 1 - Cell Biology > Flashcards

Topic 1 - Cell Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells?

A

*Eukaryotic - cells are complex and include all animal and plant cells

*Prokaryotic - cells are smaller and simpler; e.g. bacteria

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2
Q

What are the parts of an animal cell?

A
  • nucleus
  • cytoplasm
  • mitochondria
  • ribosomes
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3
Q

What is the role of a nucleus in a cell?

A

It contains the genetic information

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4
Q

What is the role of a cytoplasm in a cell?

A

A gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions take place

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5
Q

What is the role of a cell membrane in a cell?

A

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out of the cell

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6
Q

What is the role of a mitochondria in a cell?

A

Where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration occur

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7
Q

What is the role of a ribosome in a cell?

A

Where the proteins are made in the cell

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8
Q

What are the parts of a plant cell?

A
  • nucleus
  • cytoplasm
  • cell membrane
  • mitochondria
  • rigid cell wall
  • permanent vacuole
  • chloroplasts
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9
Q

What is the role of the cell wall in a plant cell?

A

it is made of cellulose and it supports the cell and strengthens it

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10
Q

What is the role of the vacuole in a plant cell?

A

it contains cell sap - a weaker solution of sugars and salts

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11
Q

What is the role of the chloroplasts in a plant cell?

A

Where photosynthesis occurs which makes food for the cell. It contains a green substance call chlorophyl which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis

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12
Q

What is an example of a prokaryote

A

Bacteria

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13
Q

What is the importance of an electron microscope?

A

you can see a lot more of the specimen than with a normal microscope

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14
Q

What is the calculation for magnification?

A

Magnification = image size / real size

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15
Q

What is the calculation for image size?

A

Image size = magnification x real size

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16
Q

What is the calculation for real size?

A

Real size = image size / magnification

17
Q

What do you need to remember when you draw your microscope observations?

A
  1. Always use a pencil to draw
  2. Make sure it takes up at least half of the page
  3. The drawing must not have any coloring or shading
  4. structures should be drawn in proportion

5.include a title and the magnification

6.label the important features

18
Q

Why do some cells become specialized?

A

This is because as cells change they develop different sub-cellular structures and turn into different types of cells which allows them to carry out specific functions

19
Q

What is the function of the sperm cell?

A

The function of a sperm cell is to carry the male DNA to the female DNA

20
Q

What adaptations do sperm cells have to carry out their function?

A

A long tail and streamlined head - to help it swim to the egg

A lot of mitochondria - to provide energy needed to swim to the egg

Enzymes in its head - to digest through the egg cell membrane

21
Q

What is the function of the nerve cell?

A

The function of nerve cells is to carry electrical signals from one part of the body to another

22
Q

What adaptations do nerve cells have to carry out their function?

A

They are long - to cover more distance

They have branched connections - to connect to other nerve cells and form a network throughout the body

23
Q

What is the function of the muscle cell?

A

The function of a muscle cell is to contract quickly

24
Q

What adaptations do muscle cells have to carry out their function?

A

They are long - so they have more space to contract

A lot of mitochondria - to generate energy needed for contraction

25
Q

What are the functions of root hair cells?

A

The function of a root hair cell is to absorb water and minerals on the surface of plant roots

26
Q

What adaptations do root hair cells have to carry out their function?

A

They have long hairs - to give the plant a big surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions from the soil

27
Q

what is the role of the chromosome?

A

They contain the genetic information

28
Q

what is the role of the cell cycle?

A

To make new cells for Growth development and repair

29
Q

what is the result of the cell cycle?

A

To end up with 2 new cells identical to the original cell with the same number of chromosomes

30
Q

What are the stages of mitosis?

A
  1. The chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell and cell fibres pull them apart
  2. M
31
Q
A
32
Q
A

GCSE AQA biology (all topics) (1 decks)

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