Topic 1 - Cell Biology Flashcards
What is the difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells?
*Eukaryotic - cells are complex and include all animal and plant cells
*Prokaryotic - cells are smaller and simpler; e.g. bacteria
What are the parts of an animal cell?
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- mitochondria
- ribosomes
What is the role of a nucleus in a cell?
It contains the genetic information
What is the role of a cytoplasm in a cell?
A gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions take place
What is the role of a cell membrane in a cell?
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out of the cell
What is the role of a mitochondria in a cell?
Where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration occur
What is the role of a ribosome in a cell?
Where the proteins are made in the cell
What are the parts of a plant cell?
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- mitochondria
- rigid cell wall
- permanent vacuole
- chloroplasts
What is the role of the cell wall in a plant cell?
it is made of cellulose and it supports the cell and strengthens it
What is the role of the vacuole in a plant cell?
it contains cell sap - a weaker solution of sugars and salts
What is the role of the chloroplasts in a plant cell?
Where photosynthesis occurs which makes food for the cell. It contains a green substance call chlorophyl which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis
What is an example of a prokaryote
Bacteria
What is the importance of an electron microscope?
you can see a lot more of the specimen than with a normal microscope
What is the calculation for magnification?
Magnification = image size / real size
What is the calculation for image size?
Image size = magnification x real size
What is the calculation for real size?
Real size = image size / magnification
What do you need to remember when you draw your microscope observations?
- Always use a pencil to draw
- Make sure it takes up at least half of the page
- The drawing must not have any coloring or shading
- structures should be drawn in proportion
5.include a title and the magnification
6.label the important features
Why do some cells become specialized?
This is because as cells change they develop different sub-cellular structures and turn into different types of cells which allows them to carry out specific functions
What is the function of the sperm cell?
The function of a sperm cell is to carry the male DNA to the female DNA
What adaptations do sperm cells have to carry out their function?
A long tail and streamlined head - to help it swim to the egg
A lot of mitochondria - to provide energy needed to swim to the egg
Enzymes in its head - to digest through the egg cell membrane
What is the function of the nerve cell?
The function of nerve cells is to carry electrical signals from one part of the body to another
What adaptations do nerve cells have to carry out their function?
They are long - to cover more distance
They have branched connections - to connect to other nerve cells and form a network throughout the body
What is the function of the muscle cell?
The function of a muscle cell is to contract quickly
What adaptations do muscle cells have to carry out their function?
They are long - so they have more space to contract
A lot of mitochondria - to generate energy needed for contraction
