Topic 1 - Cell Biology

Question 1

What are 2 examples of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

2 example of eukaryotic cells are :

Animal cells
Plant cells

Question 2

Identify the 3 essential structures found in
all eukaryotic cells?

Answer 2

3 essential structures found in eukaryotic cells are :

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Genetic material enclosed in a nucleus

Question 3

What is an example of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 3

An example of a prokaryotic cell is a bacteria cells

Question 4

What is the difference in size between the eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 4

Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler

Question 5

What are some key features of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 5

Key features of prokaryotic cells are :

Cytoplasm
Cell wall
Cell membrane

Question 6

What is the difference in the genetic material organisation in prokaryotic cells from that in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 6

The genetic material in prokaryotic cells is not enclosed in a nucleus; instead, it exists as a single DNA loop.

Question 7

What is the specific structure for the genetic material in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 7

Prokaryotic cells may contain one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids.

Question 8

What are all the structures of bacterial cells ?

Answer 8

Bacterial cells contain :

Pilus
Ribosomes
DNA
Capsules
Cell wall
Bacterial flagellum
Cytoplasm
Plasmids
Plasma membrane

Question 9

How do orders of magnitude show how big or small things are?

Answer 9

Orders of magnitude help us understand if something is big or small. We figure this out by writing the size of the object in a standard way, and the order of magnitude is decided by the power of 10 related to its size.

Question 10

Explain how to figure out the order of magnitude and how that relates to writing its size in a standard way?

Answer 10

To find the order of magnitude of something, you write its size in a standard way. The order of magnitude depends on the power of 10 in this standard form, making it easier to compare and categorise different things.

Question 11

What are the main components found in most plant cells?

Answer 11

Most plant cells contain :
Nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
mitochondria
ribosomes
chloroplasts
cell wall (made of cellulose), and a vacuole filled with cell sap.

Question 12

What are the essential components found in most animal cells?

Answer 12

Most animal cells contain :
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes as their main parts

Question 13

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 13

The nucleus controls all the activities in the cell, it contains the genes in the chromosomes which
carry all the genetic information. Generally around 10µm (10 micrometer) wide.

Question 14

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 14

The cytoplasm is a jelly like substance where organelles are suspended and where many chemical
reactions take place.

Question 15

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 15

The Cell membrane controls the substances which enter and leave the cell, such as glucose, oxygen
and mineral ions.

Question 16

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 16

The mitochondria Structures in the cytoplasm where aerobic respiration takes place, releasing energy for the cell. They are very small (around 1µm long and 0.5µm wide)

Question 17

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 17

The cell wall is made of cellulose. It strengthens the cell
and gives it support.

Question 18

Where are cell walls found?

Answer 18

The cells walls are found in plant and algal cells.

Question 19

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 19

Chloroplasts contain the green substance chlorophyll, which absorbs light for
photosynthesis. They are around 3-5µm long.

Question 20

What is the function of the vacuole?

Answer 20

The Vacuole: (Sometimes called the permanent vacuole) It is a space filled with cell sap in the middle of a cell, it keeps the cell rigid to support the plant.