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GCSE AQA Biology > Topic 1 - Cell Biology > Flashcards

Topic 1 - Cell Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

Name all the parts of both animal and plant cells

A

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall, ribosomes

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2
Q

What is the function of the vacuole

A

to store cell sap ( sugars and water)

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3
Q

what is the function of the cytoplasm

A

it is where all the chemical reactions happen

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4
Q

what is the function of the nuceus

A

the nucleus is where the Dan is stored

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5
Q

what is the function of mitochondria

A

it is where respiration happens, releases energy

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6
Q

what is the function of chloroplast

A

it is where photosynthesis happens

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7
Q

what is the function of the cell wall and what is is made of?

A

the cell wall controls the structure of the plant cell and is made of cellulose

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8
Q

Ribosomes

A

it is where the cell makes proteins

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9
Q

Does a eukaryotic cell or a prokaryotic cell have a nucleus

A

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, Prokaryotes do not.

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10
Q

What is the function of the flagella

A

long proteins that helps them move - prokaryotic

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11
Q

what is the function of the slime capsule

A

it protects the bacteria from, for example, stomach acid

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12
Q

Name 5 similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotes

A 
They both have a cell membrane
They both have a cytoplasm
DNA as genetic information
Have ribosomes
Both have a cell wall
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13
Q

Name 6 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotes.

A 
Prokaryotic have flagella
Prokaryotic have plasmids
Prokaryotic have 1 circular chromosome
Eukaryotic have a nucleus
Eukaryotic have a mitochondria
Eukaryotic have chloroplast
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14
Q

How is a fat cell specialised?

A

Little normal cytoplasm, few mitochondria, can expand up top 1000x

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15
Q

How are sperm cells specialised

A

Large nucleus - 1 chromosome
contains digestive enzymes
many mitochondria in neck
long tail to swim

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16
Q

How are muscle cells specialised

A

They are elongated, and can contract and contains many mitochondria

17
Q

How are neurones specialised?

A

long and thin, form connection with others, Carry electrical impulses

18
Q

how are red blood cells adapted?

A

large surface area - oxygen diffuses quicker
no nucleus other organelles so can carry more haemoglobin
contains haemoglobin to carry oxygen
biconcave disc shape

19
Q

How are ciliated epithelial cells adapted?

A

cell lining, hair like movement, wafts substances like eggs and mucus

20
Q

How is an egg cell specialised

A

Large

21
Q

What is differentiation

A

Differentiation allows matured specialised cells to. be produced from general-purpose cells: it has been specialised(made for a specific task) and cannot be reversed

22
Q

Where are stem cells found in a plant

A

in the meristem tissue

23
Q

What is a stem cell

A

Stem cells are cells that have not undergone differentiation. A cell which has not yet become specialised is called undifferentiated.

24
Q

How is an electron microscope different from a light microscope

A

Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons instead of light, the magnification is much higher than a light microscope and so is the resolution

25
Q

What is magnification

A

How zoomed the image is

26
Q

what is resolution

A

how well you can see 2 points

27
Q

Formula using image, actual and magnification?

A 
image = actual * magnification
actual = image/magnification
magnification = image / actual

GCSE AQA Biology (3 decks)

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