Topic 1- Cell biology Flashcards
What cells are eukaryotic?
Animal and plant cells
What do plant and animal cells have?
Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus containing DNA
What cells are prokaryotic?
Bacterial cells
What do Bacterial cells have?
Cell wall Cell membrane Cytoplasm Single circular strand of DNA and plasmids
Define plasmids
Small rings of DNA found in the cytoplasm
What are organelles?
Structures in a cell that have different functions
Define nucleus
Contains DNA coding for a particular protein needed to build new cells. Enclosed in a nuclear membrane
Define cytoplasm
Liquid substance in which chemical reactions occur. Contains enzymes Organelles are found in it
Define enzymes
Biological catalysts
Define cell membrane
Controls what enters and leave the cell
Define mitochondria
Where aerobic respiration reactions occur, providing energy for the cell
Define ribosomes
Where protein synthesis occurs Found on a structure called the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Define chloroplasts
Where photosynthesis takes place, providing food for the plant Contains chlorophyll pigment which harvest the light needed for photosynthesis
Define permanent vacuole
Contains cell sap Found within the cytoplasm Improves cell’s rigidity
Define cell wall
Made from cellulose Provides strength to the cell
Define differentiation
A process that involves the cell gaining new sub-cellular structures in order for it to be suited to its role.