Topic 1 - Cell Biology Flashcards
What are eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells are complex and include all animal and plant cells.
Eukaryotes are organisms that are made up of eukaryotic cells.
What are prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler and include bacteria.
A prokaryote is a prokaryotic cell - it’s a single celled organism
What are subcellular structures?
The different parts of a cell.
Name the subcellular structures in an animal cell.
Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, Mitochondria, Ribosomes
Function of the nucleus.
Contains genetic material that controls activities of the cell.
Function of cytoplasm.
Gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions take place. It contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions.
Function of the cell membrane.
Holds the cell together and controls what enters and leaves the cell.
Function of the mitochondria.
These are where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work.
Function of ribosomes.
These are where the proteins are made in the cell.
Name the extra subcellular structures that plant cells have.
Rigid cell wall, permanent vacuole, chloroplasts.
Function of the rigid cell wall.
Made of cellulose. It supports the cell and strengthens it.
Function of the permanent vacuole.
Contains cell sap - a weak solution of sugar and salts.
Function of chloroplasts.
These are where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll, which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis
What is similar between bacteria cells and animal/plant cells?
Cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall
What are the differences between bacteria and animal/plant cells?
Bacteria cells do not have chloroplasts or mitochondria.
Bacteria cells do not have a ‘true’ nucleus - they have a single circular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm.
They may also contain one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids.
