Topic 1- Biological Molecules Flashcards
What do we call biological molecules that contain carbon
Organic compounds
What are all living organisms made up of
Carbon- based compounds: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids
What are the three types of bonds
Covalent
Ionic
Hydrogen (weak electrostatic bond)
What and how can monomers be joined to form
Polymers- polymerisation
What’s the polymer version of the monomer monosaccharide
Polysaccharide
What’s the polymer version of the monomer amino acids
Polypeptide
What’s the polymer version of the monomer nucleotides
Polynucleotide
Lipids are biological molecules, do they form polymers?
NO
What reactions join monomers
Condensation
What do condensation reactions release
Water molecule
What do hydrolysis reactions require
A molecule of water
What are the characteristics of monosaccharides
-easily transported
-all reduce Benedict’s reagent
-all sweet-tasting
-all soluble
-main respiratory substrates
What’s the unusual feature of carbon atoms
Not many atoms can bond to carbon but they can form bonds easily with each other
What are monomers made up of
Simple molecules
What’s the two main functions of carbohydrates in living organisms
Store energy (starch, glycogen)
Structural role (cell walls in plants- cellulose)
