Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 00 Definitions > Topic 1 - Biological molecules > Flashcards

Topic 1 - Biological molecules Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A

A molecule that acts as the energy currency of cells formed from a molecule of ribose, a molecule of adenine and three phosphate groups.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Amino acid

A

The monomers containing an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH) and a variable R group that make up proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Benedict’s test

A

A biochemical test used to test for reducing sugars that produces a different colour based on the amount of reducing sugar present.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Biuret test

A

A biochemical test that produces a purple solution in the presence of protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cellulose

A

A polysaccharide made of beta glucose monomers that is used as a structural polysaccharide which provides strength to plant cell walls.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Condensation reaction

A

A type of reaction that joins two molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond involving the elimination of a molecule of water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

An information storing molecule made up of

deoxyribonucleotide monomers joined by phosphodiester bonds to form a double helix.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dipeptide

A

Molecules formed by the condensation of two amino acids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Disaccharide

A

Molecules formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

DNA helicase

A

An enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two DNA strands in the DNA molecule that is going to be replicated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

DNA polymerase

A

An enzyme that catalyses the condensation reactions between the new nucleotides in the synthesis of the new DNA strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Enzyme

A

A protein molecule that acts as a biological catalyst and increases the rate of biochemical reactions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Glycogen

A

A highly branched polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in humans and animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Glycosidic bond

A

A bond between two monosaccharides formed in a condensation reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Heat capacity

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by a specific amount.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Breaking a chemical bond between two molecules involving the use of a water molecule.

17
Q

Induced-fit model

A

A model of enzyme action that describes how enzymes undergo subtle conformational changes to better fit the substrate

18
Q

Iodine test

A

A biochemical test used to test for the presence of starch.

19
Q

Lactose

A

A disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule.

20
Q

Latent heat

A

The amount of energy needed for a substance to change state.

21
Q

Lipid emulsion test

A

A biochemical test that produces a cloudy emulsion when performed on lipids.

22
Q

Maltose

A

A disaccharide formed by condensation of two glucose molecules.

23
Q

Metabolite

A

A molecule formed or used in metabolic reactions.

24
Q

Monomers

A

The smaller units from which larger molecules are made

25
Q

Monosaccharide

A

The individual sugar monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made.

26
Q

Phospholipid

A

A type of lipid formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol, two molecules of fatty acid and a phosphate group.

27
Q

Polymers

A

Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together

28
Q

Polypeptide

A

Molecules formed by the condensation of many amino acids

29
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Molecules formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides.

30
Q

Primary structure

A

The individual sequence of amino acids in a protein.

31
Q

Quaternary structure

A

A structure only applicable to proteins with multiple polypeptide chains that describes the interactions of the different chains

32
Q

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

A

A relatively short molecule made up of ribonucleotide monomers joined by phosphodiester bonds

33
Q

Secondary structure

A

The local interactions of the amino acids in the polypeptide chain

34
Q

Semi conservative replication

A

The production of two daughter DNA molecules from one DNA molecule which both contain one original DNA strand and one newly synthesised strand.

35
Q

Solvent

A

A substance which other solutes are dissolved in

36
Q

Starch

A

A polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in plants

37
Q

Sucrose

A

A disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule.

38
Q

Tertiary structure

A

The way that the whole protein folds to make a three dimensional structure.

39
Q

Triglyceride

A

A type of lipid formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid.

Bio 00 Definitions (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions