Topic 1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Question 1

What is the formula for relative atomic mass?

Answer 1

sum of (isotope abundance * isotope mass number) / sum of abundances of all the isotopes

Question 2

What does filtration separate?

Answer 2

Separates insoluble solids from liquids

Question 3

What does evaporation and crystallisation separate?

Answer 3

Separates soluble solids from solutions

Question 4

What does distillation separate?

Answer 4

Separates liquids from solutions

Question 5

What does fractional distillation separate?

Answer 5

Separates a mixture of liquids based on temperature

Question 6

What does chromatography separate?

Answer 6

Separates a mixture of liquids based on solubility

Question 7

Describe the process of evaporation? (4)

Answer 7

1) Pour solution into evaporating dish
2) Slowly heat solution
3) Solvent will evaporate and solution will become concentrated
4) Heat until dry crystals are formed

Question 8

Describe the process of crystallisation? (6)

Answer 8

1) Pour solution into evaporating dish
2) Slowly heat solution
3) Solvent will evaporate and solution will become concentrated
4) At the point of crystallisation, remove dish and allow it to cool
5) Insoluble dry crystals will form
6) Filter crystals from the solution and pat dry or desiccate

Question 9

Describe the process of distillation? (6)

Answer 9

1) Pour solution into a round bottomed flask attached to a condenser
2) Heat solution
3) The part of the solution with the lowest boiling point will evaporate first
4) Vapour travels through condenser and is cooled and collected as liquid in another flask
5) Rest of the solution is left behind

Question 10

1800s, John Dalton (2)

Answer 10

1) Atoms are solid spheres

2) Different spheres = different elements

Question 11

1897, JJ Thomson

Answer 11

Plum pudding model - a ball of positive charge with electrons stuck in it

Question 12

1909, Ernst Rutherford

Answer 12

1) Alpha particle scattering experiments - fire alpha particles at thin gold
2) Nuclear model - a positive nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons

Question 13

Niels Bohr

Answer 13

Nuclear model - a positive nucleus with electrons orbiting in fixed shells

Question 14

James Chadwick

Answer 14

Discovery of neutrons

Question 15

What are the trends of Group 1 metals?

Answer 15

1) Increasing reactivity - outer electron further from nucleus
2) Lower melting and boiling points
3) Higher relative atomic masses

Question 16

What are the trends of Group 7 metals?

Answer 16

1) Decreasing reactivity - harder to gain electron further from the nucleus
2) Higher melting and boiling points
3) Higher relative atomic masses