Topic 1 - Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Question 1

What are Isotopes?

Answer 1

Different forms of the same element, they have a different number of neutrons and the same amount of protons.

Question 2

What is the difference between Evaporation and Crystallisation?

Answer 2

You use Crystallisation for separating a salt (which will break down) from a solution.

Question 3

Describe the history of the atom from John Dalton through to the modern day atom.

Answer 3

John Dalton - solid spheres
JJ Thomson - plum pudding model

Rutherford and Marsden Alpha Particle scattering experiment - fired positively charged particles at a thin sheet of gold.

Rutherford - nuclear model
(positively charged nucleus, electrons around and empty space)

Bohr - nuclear model
(today’s but with protons only)

James Chadwick - pretty much today’s model

Question 4

How did Dmitri Mendeleev arrange his periodic table?

Answer 4

The 50 known elements were arranged in order of atomic mass and grouped with elements that had similar properties.

Question 5

What happens when you react a Group 1 element with water?

Answer 5

• React vigorously

- Produce metal hydroxides + hydrogen

Question 6

What happens when you react a Group 1 element with chlorine?

Answer 6

• React vigorously

- Produce a white metal chloride salt

Question 7

What happens when a metal and a non metal react together?

Answer 7

The metal atom loses electrons and the non metal gains electrons. They become strongly attracted to each other by electrostatic forces.