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Chemistry AQA GCSE > Topic 1 - Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table > Flashcards

Topic 1 - Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the atomic number tell you?

A

How many protons there are

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2
Q

What does the mass number tell you?

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in the atom

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3
Q

Definition of element

A

An element is a substance that consists of only one type of atom

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4
Q

Definition of ‘Isotope’

A

Different forms of the same element, which have the SAME number of PROTONS but a DIFFERENT number of NEUTRONS

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5
Q

Extra info on isotopes…

A
  • Isotopes are the same as the element except for extra NEUTRONS
  • Isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass numbers
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6
Q

Popular example of a pair of isotopes?

A

Carbon-12 and Carbon-13

Carbon-12
6 PROTONS
6 ELECTRONS
6 NEUTRONS

Carbon-13
6 PROTONS
6 ELECTRONS
7 NEUTRONS

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7
Q

What do we refer to when talking about the mass of element as a whole?

A
  • Relative atomic mass (Ar) is used instead of mass number when referring to the element as a whole.
  • Why? Because many elements exist as a number of different isotopes, takes it into account
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8
Q

Relative Atomic Mass definition

A

Relative atomic mass is an average mass taking into account the different masses and abundance’s (amounts) of all the isotopes that make up the element

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9
Q

Formula for RAM

A

RAM (Ar) = sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass number)
———————————
Sum of abundances of all the isotopes

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10
Q

Compounds (brief)

A
  • Atoms join together to make compounds
  • When elements react, atoms combine with other atoms to form compounds
  • Properties of a compound are usually totally different from properties of the original elements.
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11
Q

Compounds (in-depth)

A
  • Compounds are substances formed from two or more elements
  • The atoms of each are in fixed proportions throughout the compound
  • atoms held together by chemical bonds
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12
Q

What making bonds involves:

A
  • Making bonds involves atoms giving away, taking or sharing electrons
  • Only electrons involved, nuclei of atoms aren’t affected at all when a bond is made
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13
Q

Can you separate original elements of a compound?

A

It’s usually difficult to separate original elements of a compound out again, chemical reaction needed to do so

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14
Q

Ionic bonding

A
  • A compound formed from a metal and a non-metal consists of ions
  • Metal atoms = lose electrons to form positive ions
  • Non-metal atoms = gain electrons to form negative ions
  • Opposite charge of ions mean that they’re strongly attracted to each other (called ionic bonding)
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15
Q

Examples of compounds which are bonded ionically:

A
  • Sodium chloride
  • Magnesium oxide
  • Calcium oxide
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16
Q

NaCl Sodium Chloride, how is it bonded ionically

A

A sodium atom gives an electron to a chlorine atom.

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17
Q

Covalent bonding

A
  • A compound formed from a non-metal consists of molecules

- Each atom shares an electron w/ another atom (called covalent bonding)

18
Q

Hcl Hydrogen Chloride, how is it bonded covalently?

A

A hydrogen atom bonds w/ a chlorine atom by sharing an electron w/ it

19
Q

Iron reacts with sulphur?

A

The compound formed is a dull grey solid lump, doesn’t behave anything like iron or sulphur.

20
Q

Formula

A
  • Represents a compound
  • Made up of elemental symbols
  • Shows what atoms are in a compound
21
Q

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

A
  • A compound formed from a chemical reaction between carbon and oxygen
  • Contains 1 carbon atom and 2 oxygen atoms
22
Q

Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)

A

Each molecule contains: 2 hydrogen atoms, 1 sulphur atom and 4 oxygen atoms

23
Q

Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2

A

Contains 1 calcium atom, 2 oxygen atoms and 2 hydrogen atoms

24
Q

What does a bracket in a formula mean (e.g. Ca(OH)2)?

A

Means that the little number outside applies to everything inside the brackets

25
Q

Carbon dioxide

A

CO2

26
Q

Ammonia

A

NH3

27
Q

Water

A

H2O

28
Q

Sodium chloride

A

NaCl

29
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

CO

30
Q

Hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

31
Q

Calcium Chloride

A

CaCl2

32
Q

Sodium carbonate

A

Na2CO3

33
Q

Sulphuric acid

A

H2SO4

34
Q

Word Equation

A

How to show a chemical reaction

35
Q

Symbol equations

A
  • Shows the atoms on both sides
  • Shows chemical changes
  • Uses symbols or formulas
36
Q

Mixture

A
  • Easily separated
  • No chemical bond between diff. parts of mixture
  • parts of mixture can be either elements or compounds
  • can be separated out by physical methods
37
Q

Physical method

A

One that doesn’t involve a chemical reaction, so doesn’t form any new substances.

38
Q

Examples of physical methods (mixtures)

A
  • Filtration
  • Crystallisation
  • Simple distillation
  • Fractional distillation
  • Chromatography
39
Q

Air (mixture)

A
  • A mixture of gasses (mainly nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and argon)
  • gasses can be separated out fairly easily
40
Q

Crude oil

A

A mixture of different length hydrocarbon molecules

41
Q

Properties of a mixture

A
  • The properties of a mixture are just a mixture of the properties of the separate parts.
  • Chemical properties of substance not affected by it being part of a mixture
42
Q

A mixture of iron powder and sulphur powder

A
  • Will show properties of both iron and sulphur

- Will contain grey magnetic bits of iron, bright yellow bits of sulphur

Chemistry AQA GCSE (5 decks)

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