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gcse seperate science chemistry > topic 1- atomic structure and the periodic table > Flashcards

topic 1- atomic structure and the periodic table Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the relative mass of a neutron?

A

1

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2
Q

true or false: elements only contain atoms with the same number of protons

A

true

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3
Q

define relative atomic mass

A

the average mass of an atom relative to the mass of one carbon-12 atom

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4
Q

how similar are the properties of a compound to the elements it’s made from?

A

they are usually totally different

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5
Q

give the formula for carbon dioxide

A

CO2

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6
Q

give the formula for sodium carbonate

A

Na2CO3

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7
Q

give the formula for hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

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8
Q

balance the equation: Mg + O2 –> MgO

A

2Mg + O2 –> 2MgO

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9
Q

balance the equation: H2SO4 + NaOH –> Na2SO4 + H2O

A

H2SO4 + 2NaOH –> Na2SO4 + 2H2)

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10
Q

what is the difference between a compound and a mixture

A

compounds are atoms that are chemically joined, mixtures are not

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11
Q

what is the name of the pattern of spots generated by paper chromatography

A

chromatograph

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12
Q

give the name of a method used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

A

filtering

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13
Q

describe how different substances are separated by fractional distillation

A

1) put your mixture in a flask and stick a fractionating column on top. then heat it
2) the different liquids will all have different boiling points so they will evaporate at different temperatures
3) the liquid with the lowest boiling point evaporates first. when the temperature on the thermometer matches the boiling point of this liquid, it will reach the top of the column
4) liquids with higher boiling points might also start to evaporate, but the column is cooler towards the top. so they will only get partway up before condensing and running back down towards the flask
5) when the first liquid has been collected, you raise the temperature until the next one reaches the top

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14
Q

who demonstrated that the plum pudding model was wrong

A

ernest rutherford

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15
Q

what did bohr’s nuclear model of the atom suggest

A

all of the electrons are contained in shells

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16
Q

give the electronic configuration for helium

A

2

17
Q

give the electronic configuration for carbon

A

2, 4

18
Q

give the electronic configuration for sodium

A

2, 8, 1

19
Q

why did mendeleev leave his periodic table of elements

A

because he knew that there were elements we hadn’t found yet so he left space for them to be added in

20
Q

what name is given to the vertical columns in the periodic table

A

groups

21
Q

how are the group number and the number of the electrons in the outer shell of an element related

A

the number of the group is the same as the number of electrons in the outer shell of the element

22
Q

where are the nonmetals in the periodic table

A

on the right

23
Q

give three properties which are specific to transition metals

A

can have more than one ion, are colourful, they make good catalysts

24
Q

state three trends in group one elements as you go down the group

A

they get more reactive, lower melting/ boiling points, higher relative atomic mass

25
Q

state the products of the reaction between sodium and water

A

hydrogen gas and metal hydroxides

26
Q

state the differences between group one elements and transition metals in terms of hardness

A

group one metals are less hard

27
Q

state the differences between group one elements and transition metals in terms of reactivity

A

group one metals are more reactive

28
Q

state the differences between group one elements and transition metals in terms of melting points

A

group one metals have much lower melting points (except the transition metal mercury)

29
Q

how do the boiling points of halogens change as you go down the group

A

it increases

30
Q

how many atoms are in each molecule of a halogen

A

2

31
Q

what is the charge of the ions that halogens form when they react with metals

A

-1

32
Q

what is the trend in boiling point as you go down group 0

A

it increases

gcse seperate science chemistry (2 decks)

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