Topic 1 - Atomic Structure and Periodic Table

Question 1

Charge of a proton

Answer 1

+1

Question 2

Charge of a neutron

Answer 2

0

Question 3

Charge of an electron

Answer 3

-1

Question 4

where are the electrons

Answer 4

in electron shells around the nucleus

Question 5

why do atoms have no overall charge

Answer 5

same number of protons and electrons

Question 6

ions have an overall charge, why?

Answer 6

number of protons and electrons aren’t equal

Question 7

what is atomic number?

Answer 7

how many protons there are

Question 8

what is mass number?

Answer 8

total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 9

if a substance only contains atoms with the same number of protons what is it

Answer 9

an element

Question 10

what are isotopes

Answer 10

different forms of the same element, same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 11

how are compounds formed

Answer 11

elements react, atoms combine

Question 12

what are compounds

Answer 12

substances formed from two or more elements, held together by chemical bonds

Question 13

what needs to happen for bonds to be made

Answer 13

atoms need to give away, take or share electrons

Question 14

how can you separate out the original compound

Answer 14

a chemical reaction

Question 15

what happens in ionic bonding?

Answer 15

a metal and non metal combine, the metal atom loses electrons to form positive ions, the non metal atom gains electrons to form a negative ion

they also have opposite charges, meaning they are strongly attracted to each other

Question 16

what happens in covalent bonding?

Answer 16

non metals combine, each atom hares an electron with another atom

Question 17

how are compounds represented

Answer 17

formulas

Question 18

bonding in a mixture

Answer 18

there are no chemical bonds between the different parts of a mixture, so are easily separated

Question 19

what methods can be used to separate a mixture

Answer 19

filtration
crystallisation
simple distillation 
fractional distillation 
chromatography

Question 20

examples of a mixture

Answer 20

air - mixture of gases

crude oil - mixture of different length hydrocarbon molecules

Question 21

What did J J Thomson conclude

Answer 21

Atoms weren’t solid spheres, contain electrons

Question 22

What did the plum pudding mode show

Answer 22

The atom as a ball of positive charge with electrons stuck randomly in it

Question 23

How did Rutherford show that the plum pudding model was wrong

Answer 23

The alpha particle scattering experiment, fired positively charged alpha particles at a sheet of thin gold

Most particles went straight through (empty space)

And a small number were deflected

Question 24

What was Bohr’s model

Answer 24

The nuclear model, a positively charged nucleus, surrounded by a cloud of negative charge (Rutherford) then Bohr discovered electrons were contained in shells and orbit the nucleus

Question 25

Electron shell rules

Answer 25

Electrons always occupy shells

Lowest energy levels are filled first

2,8,8…

All atoms want to be stable and have a full outer shell (like noble gases)

Question 26

How was the periodic table originally arranged

Answer 26

Atomic mass

Question 27

How did Mendeleev organise the periodic table

Answer 27

Order of atomic mass, and groups of elements with similar properties

Question 28

Why were their gaps left in the periodic table

Answer 28

Space for undiscovered elements