Topic 1 - Atomic Structure

Question 1

Proton/Atomic Number

Answer 1

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Indicates the element’s position in the Periodic Table.

Question 2

Nucleon/Mass Number

Answer 2

The number of protons and neutrons found in the nucleus of an atom of an element.

Question 3

An Orbital

Answer 3

The volume of space in which there is a 95% chance of finding an electron.

Question 4

Isotopes

Answer 4

Are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons.

Question 5

The First Ionisation Energy

Answer 5

The enthalpy change required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms of the element to form one mole of gaseous unipositive cations.

Question 6

The Second Ionisation Energy

Answer 6

The enthalpy change required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous univalent cations of the element to form one mole of gaseous dipositive cations.

Question 7

Relative Charge:
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

Answer 7

+1
0
-1

Question 8

Relative Mass:
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

Answer 8

1
1
1/1837

Question 9

Number of Electrons in an Atom =

Answer 9

Proton Number

Question 10

Number of Neutrons =

Answer 10

Nucleon Number - Proton Number

Question 11

Number of Electrons in an Ion =

Answer 11

Proton Number - Ion Charge

Question 12

Average Isotopic Mass of an Element =

Answer 12

(mass isotope 1 x abundance isotope 1)
+
(mass isotope 2 x abundance isotope 2)

abundance - the % /100

Question 13

Principal Quantum Number

Answer 13

The energy level the electron is in. It ranges from 1 (closest/lowest energy) to 7 (furthest/highest energy).
Represents the shell that the electrons occupy.

Question 14

Orbital Angular Momentum Quantum Number

Answer 14

This determines the shape of the orbital.

Question 15

Magnetic Quantum Number

Answer 15

This determines the number and orientation of the orbitals.

Question 16

Electron Spin Quantum Number

Answer 16

Electrons spin either up or down.

Question 17

Ground State

Answer 17

The electron configuration arrangement that requires the least amount of energy.

Question 18

Excited State

Answer 18

Electrons are promoted to higher energy levels.

Question 19

Isoelectric Ions

Answer 19

The ion has the same electronic configuration as a noble gas. That does NOT mean it has become a new element.

Question 20

Valence Energy Level

Answer 20

Is the outermost energy level.

Question 21

Free Radicals

Answer 21

Is a species with an unpaired electron. Makes the species particularly reactive and will usually bond immediately.

Question 22

The First Ionisation Energy Equation

Answer 22

X(g) –> X+(g) + e-

Question 23

The Second Ionisation Energy Equation

Answer 23

X+(g) –> X2+(g) + e-