Topic 1 and 2 Flashcards
Who initially came up with the periodic table
Mendeleev came up with the strucutre
What charges and masses do each of sub atomic particles have?
Proton + 1
Electron - no mass
Neutron no charge 1
What does the group in the periodic table tell you
How many electrons are in the outer shell
How many electrons in the first shell?
2
What is an atomic number
It is the number of protons in an atom
What is the atomic mass
It is the relative weight of the atom or the jumble of protons and neutrons
What is an isotope
An atom that h the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons this gives the atom a different mass number
How do you work out the relative atomic mass
You need to find the percent that each of the isotopes come up times that by the atomic mass then add together the answer. This will give you the average of the atomic mass
Why was Mendeleev’s table so advanced
He left spaces in his table for elements that hadn’t been found based on predicted properties
What does the period of the periodic table tell you
The number of electron shells
How can ionic bonding be described
As the transfer of electrons to form negatively and positively charged ions these attract to form a lattice
Why are group 1 elements so reactive
They only contain one electron in the outer shell meaning they want to remove it to gain a full outer shell
What do ionic bonds form
Ionic compounds which have similar structures, the structure is a closely packed lattice arrangement
What are the properties of ionic compounds
They have high melting and booing points due to very strong bonds between the ions, lots of energy is needed to break these. They conduct electricity when aqueous or molten because the ions separate and are free to move.
How can you work out the formula of an ionic compound?
Look at the charges of the ions, you need to make the charges balance out and become neutral.
Are common salts of sodium potassium and ammonium solvable or insoluble
Soluble
Are common salts of nitrates soluble or insoluble
Soluble
Which salts of chloride are insoluble
Silver chloride and lead chloride everything else is soluble
Which sulfate salts are insoluble
Lead barium and calcium sulfate
What are common salts of carbonates and hydroxides
Insoluble
Which carbonates and hydroxides area soluble
Sodium potassium and ammonium ones
How can you make a pure dry insoluble salt
Find the correct soluble salts and mix them to create the insoluble one
Describe the method to prepare insoluble salts
Add a spatula of your soluble salt to a test tube and fill it with distilled water. Shake thoroughly to ensure everything dissolves. Do the same for the other soluble salt. Mix both solutions together in a small beaker. Pour this solution through a filter and you will be left with the insoluble salt. Rinse with distilled water then place on fresh filter paper and leave to dry
Why can barium sulfate be used in x days
It is toxic but it is insoluble so does not dissolve into the blood stream
Name all the colours of the flame tests
Sodium burns yellow
Calcium burns brick red
Copper burns blue/green
Potassium gives a lilac flame
How can you test for specific ions
By analysing the precipitate formed in different reactions
How can you test for a sulfate ion
Add dilute HcL followed by a barium chloride solution. A white precipitate of barium sulfate means the original compound was a sulfate
How can you test for chloride ions
Add dilute nitric acid followed by silver nitrate, if a chloride was present it will give a white precipitate of silver chloride
