Topic 1: An Overview of Computers and Logic Flashcards
The physical and tangible parts of the computer (the equipment and devices)
Hardware
The programs that contain instructions for the computer
Software
- Input
- Output
- Process
- Output
- Storage
Computer Operations
Entering data into the computer system
Input
Data entered is processed and undergo operations
Process
Processed data is presented as information
Output
Information is saved to be used later
Storage
A computer software designed to perform a group of coordinated functions, tasks, or activities for the users
Application Software
Designed to be a platform for other programs. Can be classified as either operating systems (OS) or utility programs
System Software
User –> _________ –> __________ –> Hardware
Application Software…Operating System
An effective method for solving a problem using a finite sequence of instructions
Algorithm
Algorithms are used for:
- Calculation
- Data processing
- And many other fields
Step-by-step sequence of instructions that describe how the data is to be processed to produce the desired output
Algorithms
The translation of the selected algorithm into a language the computer can use
Programming
The process of writing, testing, debugging/troubleshooting, and maintaining the source code of computer programs
Programming or coding
English-like phrases used to describe the algorithm
Pseudocode
An outline of a program written in the form that can be easily converted into real programming statements
Pseudocode
Description of a mathematical equation; a concise way of expressing information symbolically
Formula
A diagram showing the flow of instructions in an algorithm
Flowchart
Indicates the beginning or end of a program
Terminal
Indicates an input or output operation
Input/Output
Indicates computation or data manipulation
Process
Used to connect other flowchart symbols and indicate the logic flow
Flow Lines
Indicates a program branch point
Decision
Indicates the initial, limit, and increment values of a loop
Loop/Initialization
Indicates a predefined process, as in calling a function
Predefined Process
Indicates an entry to, or exit from, another part of the flowchart or a connection point
Connector
Indicates a written output report
Report
Defines the order in which instructions are executed
Sequence
Allows a choice between different operations, based on some condition
Selection
Allows the same operation to be repeated based on some condition; also called looping or repetition
Iteration
Involves invoking a set of statements when needed
Invocation
This identifies the methods for solving problems are creating software solutions
Software development procedure
Phase 1: Development and Design
Phase 2: Documentation
Phase 3: Maintenance
Software development procedure
Discipline concerned with creating efficient, reliable, maintainable software
Software Engineering
Request for a program or a statement of a problem
Program Requirement
Phase 1 has four steps:
- Analysis
- Design
- Coding
- Testing
Phase 2:
Documentation
Phase 3:
Maintenance
