Topic 1 Flashcards
What charge do protons have?
+1
What charge do electrons have?
-1
What charge do neutrons have?
0
What is the mass of a proton?
1
What is the mass of a neutron?
1
What is the mass of an electron?
Very small
Why are atoms neutral?
They have no charge - same number of protons and electrons
What is the atomic number?
How many protons there are
What does the mass number tell you?
Number of protons and neutrons
What do all elements have in common?
The same number of protons
What is an isotope?
Same element (same number of protons) but different number of neutrons
How do you calculate relative atomic mass?
Sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass number) / sum of abundance’s of all isotopes
What is ionic bonding?
A metal and non-metal reacting
In ionic bonding what does the metal do?
Lose electrons to form positive ions
In ionic bonding what does the non-metal do?
Gains electrons to form negative ions
Why are the ions in an ionic bond strongly attracted?
The have opposite charges
What is covalent bonding?
Two non-metals reacting
What happens to the atoms in covalent bonding?
Each atom shares an electron
What is the formula for ammonia?
NH3
What is the formula for calcium chloride?
CaCl2
What is the formula for sodium carbonate?
Na2CO3
What is the formula for sulfuric acid?
H2SO4
What are the properties of mixtures like?
They are just the properties of the separate parts
What did Dalton predict about atoms?
Atoms were solid spheres (different spheres make different elements)
What did Thomson predict about the atom?
The ‘plum pudding model’. Atoms were balls of positive charge containing electrons
What did Rutherford predict about the atom?
The ‘Nuclear Model’. He used the gold foil experiment to find that atoms had a nucleus
What did Bohr predict about the atom?
Electrons were contained in shells
What did Chadwick predict about atoms?
The existence of neutrons
What do Group 0 elements have in common?
All novel gases have full electron shells
How was the period table first organised?
In relative atom mass
What did Mendeleev predict about the periodic table?
He organised it in order of atomic mass but some switched to match properties - he also left gaps (for undiscovered and isotopes)
Why are elements organised into columns?
They are sorted into groups - similar properties
What do all elements in the same group have?
The same number of electrons in their outer shell
