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Nazi Germany > Topic 1 > Flashcards

Topic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How many German troops died in First World War?

A

2 Million

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2
Q

What did WW1 do to German gov debts?

A

Increased them from 50 billion marks to 150 billion marks

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3
Q

How many Germans died because of food shortages?

A

750,000

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4
Q

What did the devastating effects of WW1 cause many Germans to do?

A

Strike and riot

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5
Q

On what date did army officers refuse to support the Kaiser leading to his abdication?

A

9th November 1918

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6
Q

Where did the Kaiser flee to on the 10th of November 1918?

A

Holland

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7
Q

Friedrich Ebert formed the Council of People’s representatives on the 10th of November 1918 after doing what?

A

Suspending the old Rechstag

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8
Q

Why were Berlins streets crowded on the day of the Kaisers abdication?

A

Some people were armed hoping to take over the city.

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9
Q

Who was Philipp Scheidemann?

A

Member of SDP who decleared the new Repulic to the crowds

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10
Q

When was the Weimar republic finally established?

A

August 1919

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11
Q

What was the armistice?

A

A peace agreement between Germany and the allies

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12
Q

When was the armistice signed?

A

11th November 1918

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13
Q

What was the first major decision of Ebert’s new republic?

A

The armistice

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14
Q

What did the Weimar electorate consist of?

A

All men and women 21 years and over.

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15
Q

Weimar Parliament had two houses. The less powerful one representing the regions of Germany was called the Reichsrat. What was the more powerful one called?

A

Reichstag

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16
Q

What did the Reichstag control?

A

Taxation

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17
Q

What did laws normally have to do under Weimar constitution?

A

Pass through both houses

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18
Q

What was the main decision making body of the Weimar government?

A

Cabinet

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19
Q

What did the chancellor chose under the Weimar constitution?

A

All government ministers.

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20
Q

What could the President of the Reichstag do known as Article 48 of the Constitution?

A

Suspend the constitution and pass laws by decree.

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21
Q

What did proportional representation mean?

A

Made sure small parties had a fair share of seats.

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22
Q

Weimar constitution reduced the voting age from 25 to what?

A

21

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23
Q

Weimar constitution said president should be reelected how often?

A

Every seven years.

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24
Q

Why wasn’t the Weimar constitution popular?

A

It was not the choice of the people

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25
Q

What did the Treaty of Versailles do making the Weimar Republic weak from the start?

A

It damaged Germany’s economy.

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26
Q

What clause did the Treaty of Versailles have that blamed Germany for the war?

A

Clause 231

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27
Q

How much did the allies want in reparations?

A

£6600 Million

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28
Q

Why did clause 231 anger ordinary German people?

A

They believed they had fought the war in self-defence and that other countries were to blame.

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29
Q

What did the Treaty of Versailles limit the army to?

A

100,000

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30
Q

How many battleships were allowed due to treaty of Versailles?

A

6

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31
Q

How many cruisers were allowed due to treaty of Versailles?

A

6

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32
Q

How many destroyers were allowed due to the Treaty of Versailles?

A

12

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33
Q

How many torpedo boats were allowed due to the Treaty of Versailles?

A

12

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34
Q

What was Germany no longer allowed due to the treaty of Versailles?

A

Submarines and an airforce

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35
Q

Where was Germany military no longer allowed to go following the Treaty of Versailles? HINT boarding land with France.

A

the Rhineland

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36
Q

How much of its European territory did Germany lose due to the Treaty of Versailles?

A

13%

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37
Q

How many colonies did Germany lose due to the Treaty of Versailles?

A

11

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38
Q

What did Germany lose Eupen and Malmedy to due to the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Belgium.

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39
Q

Germany lost what to Poland due to the Treaty of Versailles?

A

The Polish Corridor

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40
Q

What was the theory called that said the German army hadn’t been defeated in war. Instead stabbed in the back by politicians that ran the new Republic.

A

Stab in the back theory

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41
Q

What “wing” were The Spartacists?

A

Left-wing

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42
Q

Where did the Spartacists come from?

A

The Independent Socialist Party

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43
Q

What backing did the Spartacists have?

A

Soviet

44
Q

Name the two leaders of the Spartacists

A

Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht

45
Q

When did the Spartacists challenge the Weimar Republic?

A

January 1919

46
Q

What did the Spartacists take over in 1919?

A

The governments newspaper and telelgraph bureau.

47
Q

What did the Spartacists attempt to do during their challenge to the Weimar government?

A

Organise a general strike

48
Q

During the Spartacist Revolt (January 1919) what was happening on the streets?

A

Fighting

49
Q

How did the Weimar government put down the Spartacist Revolt?

A

Sending Freikorps units into Berlin

50
Q

After the Spartacist Revolt what happened to the leaders of the Spartacists?

A

They were shot

51
Q

What “wing” were The Freikorps?

A

Right-wing

52
Q

Who made up The Freikorps?

A

Ex-soldiers who had kept their weapons

53
Q

How many many men did the Freikorps have by March 1919?

A

250000

54
Q

Who organised the Freikorps?

A

The regular army

55
Q

When did the Kapp Putsch take place? Where?

A

March 1920 in Berlin

56
Q

Why did Freikorps troops march on Berlin?

A

They feared unemployment.

57
Q

Ebert asked the head of the army to resist the Freikorps. What did the head of the army say?

A

No

58
Q

Name the nationalist politician that was put in place by the Freikorps

A

Dr Wolfkang Kapp

59
Q

What did the Weimar government do during the Kapp Putsch seeking safety?

A

They fled Berlin

60
Q

How did the government put down the Kapp Putsch?

A

The government asked trade unions to go on strike.

61
Q

During the Kapp Putsch the government asked workers to go on strike. What did this cause?

A

Such chaos so Kapp couldn’t rule Germany.

62
Q

Once Kapp fled Germany what happened?

A

The Weimar ministers returned to Germany

63
Q

In the early years of the Weimar Republic how many assassinations took place?

A

376

64
Q

What sort of punishments did right-wing extremists who used murders to weaken the new republic face from conservative judges that were sympathetic to the conservative cause?

A

Light punishments

65
Q

Between 1914-1918 what did the government do? Why?

A

Print more money to pay for the First World War.

66
Q

What was the Germany gov. in 1914-18?

A

Bankrupt

67
Q

What did the Weimar government between 1918-22 do to cope with post war shortages of money?

A

Print more money.

68
Q

What did the Weimar government ask in relation to its first reparations payment?

A

It asked for longer to pay it.

69
Q

Why did French troops invade the Ruhr in January 1923?

A

To take reparations payments in goods and raw materals.

70
Q

How did the Weimar government retaliate against the French occupation of the Ruhr (January 1923)? Bearing in mind it had a very small army (100,000 men).

A

Asked workers in the Ruhr to go on strike

71
Q

80% of what was found in the Ruhr?

A

German coal, iron and steel reserves

72
Q

What was the occupation of the Ruhr for Germany’s economy?

A

A disaster

73
Q

After the occupation of the Ruhr what did the Weimar government do? Why?

A

Print more money to pay strikers and make up for the loss of coal, steel and iron production

74
Q

What was the German mark by November 1923?

A

Worthless

75
Q

What did hyperinflation mean for some people?

A

They couldn’t afford essentials like bread

76
Q

During the 1923 hyperinflation period wages rose but not as quickly as what?

A

Prices

77
Q

Due to hyperinflation in 1923 what did savings become? Who was affected the most by this?

A

Worthless. The Middle Classes

78
Q

Who did the people blame for the hyperinflation of 1923?

A

The Weimar Government

79
Q

Why did farmers benefit from the hyperinflation of 1923?

A

They were paid more for food.

80
Q

What could some people pay of due to the hyperinflation of 1923?

A

Loans and mortgages

81
Q

What could foreign visitors buy due to the hyperinflation of 1923?

A

More for their money

82
Q

What was set up by Stresemann in November 1923? What currency did it issue?

A

The Rentenbank which issued the Rentenmark

83
Q

Why did the Rentenmark have real value?

A

The supply of it was tightly controlled.

84
Q

What did the Rentenmark get renamed to once it was handed over to the Reichsbank in August 1924?

A

The Reichsmark

85
Q

What did the Reichsmark provide?

A

A much stronger basis for the recovery of jobs and businesses

86
Q

Who came up the plan designed so that Germany could pay its reparations? When?

A

Charles Dawes in 1924

87
Q

What did the Dawes plan temporarily reduce instalments to?

A

£50 million a year.

88
Q

The Dawes plan made US banks do what? Making the Allies more confident that they would get their reparations payments.

A

Make loans to German Industry

89
Q

A committee, set up by the allies in August 1929 came up with the Young Plan. Who led the committee?

A

Owen Young

90
Q

What did the Young plan reduce total reparations debt from and to?

A

£6.6 billion to £2 billion

91
Q

The Young Plan meant payments could be made up until 1988. Was this longer or shorter than had previously been agreed?

A

Longer

92
Q

The Young plan reduced reparations payments to £2 billion what did this mean for the German people?

A

Lower taxes

93
Q

There was opposition to the Young Plan from extreme political parties like the Nazi’s. Why?

A

They felt it was extending the burden for future generations

94
Q

The Weimar Republic’s economy improved 1923-1929. What happened to industrial output by 1928?

A

It doubled.

95
Q

The Weimar Republic’s economy improved 1923-1929. Besides employment what else increased?

A

Trade

96
Q

Why was Weimar’s economic recovery 1923-29 fragile?

A

It depended on American loans

97
Q

The Lacarno Pact of 1925 had Germany agree a new border with who leading to an improvement in its relations with them?

A

France

98
Q

The Lacarno Pact had the allies agree to permanent demilitarisation of what?

A

The Rhineland

99
Q

The Lacarno Pact increased what of the Weimar Republic?

A

It’s status and popularity

100
Q

Lacarno Pact helped boost confidence in which parties?

A

Moderate ones

101
Q

When was Germany invited to become a member of the League of Nations?

A

1926

102
Q

What did Germany’s membership of the League of Nations show?

A

That Germany’s views counted.

103
Q

The Kellogg-Briand Pact was an agreement between 62 nations. What year was it agreed?

A

1928

104
Q

Aside from showing that Germany was once again a major power, and that moderate parties were able to build Germany’s strength internationally what else did the Kellogg-Briand Pact do?

A

Increased public confidence in how Germany was being led.

105
Q

Between 1924 and 1929 living standards in Germany improved. Working hours were reduced, wages rose, working conditions improved. What did Well-of German think of this.

A

They resented workers benefiting

106
Q

Between 1925 and 1929 approximately how many homes had been built which helped reduce the housing shortages?

A

100,000

Nazi Germany (2 decks)

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