Topic 1:4a - movement in/out of cells Flashcards
What do all cells need? (inputs and outputs)
All cell types require a constant input of energy and raw materials, as well as the removal (output) of waste materials to maintain life processes.
why are some raw materials required by plants different to those required by animals?
because plants synthesise glucose from inorganic compounds in the environment
list 6 important metabolic processes in plants (CCAAAP)
Chlorophyll synthesis
Cell wall synthesis
Aerobic respiration
Amino acid and protein synthesis
ATP/nucleotide/phospholipid synthesis
Photosynthesis
what are the inputs required for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide and water
what are the inputs required for Aerobic respiration?
Glucose and oxygen
what are the inputs required for ATP/nucleotide/phospholipid synthesis?
Phosphate ions
what are the inputs required for amino acid and protein synthesis?
Nitrate, sulphate and molybdenum ions
what are the inputs required for cell wall synthesis?
Calcium ions and glucose
enzymes are a type of?
protein
A waste product of photosynthesis that can be toxic to plants in high concentrations is
excess oxygen
a waste product from aerobic respiratuon that can become toxic in plants is?
excess carbon dioxide and water
How are waste gases removed in plants?
- Waste gases are removed from plants through stomata (in leaves) and lenticels (in stems).
How are excess ions removed in plants?
Excess ions are pumped into soils from root hairs and excess nutrients are stored in large vacuoles.
How do heterotrophs acquire glucose and other important organic compounds?
through the consumption of materials derived directly or indirectly from other living things
in human cells, what are the INPUTS (not just reactants) required for aerobic respiration?
Glucose and oxygen, Inorganic ions, vitamins
in human cells, what are the inputs required for protein synthesis?
Amino acids
in human cells, what are the inputs required for ATP/nucleotide/phospholipid synthesis
Phosphate ions, vitamins and fatty acids
in human cells, what are the outputs from aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide and water
in human cells, what are the outputs from anaerobic respiration?
Lactic acid
in human cells, what are the outputs from protein hydrolysis?
urea
in human cells, what are the outputs from perspiration (sweating)
Sodium ions and chloride ions
As a gas, how is CO2 removed from the human body and why?
Carbon dioxide is removed from the body as a gas during ventilation (exhaling) because in high concentrations it can be toxic
how are hydrogen carbonate ions removed from the human body and why?
hydrogen carbonate ions in sweat and as urea in urine.
