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additional biology > topic 1 > Flashcards

topic 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what 7 things does a plant cell have?

A 
nucleus 
cytoplasm 
cell membrane 
mitochondria 
rigid cell wall 
large vacuole 
chloroplasts
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2
Q

what what 4 characteristics does a bacteria cell have?

A 
chromosomal DNA
plasmids 
flagellum 
supported by cell wall 
NO NUCLEUS
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3
Q

what does the nucleus do?

A

contains DNA that controls what the cell does

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4
Q

what is the cytoplasm?

A

a gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions take place

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5
Q

what is the cell membrane?

A

holds the cell wall together and controls what goes in and out

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6
Q

what is the mitochondria?

A

where respiration takes place and energy is released

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7
Q

what shape is DNA

A

a double helix of paired bases

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8
Q

how are the strands held together? (DNA)

A

by chemicals called bases

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9
Q

what are the four bases?

A

G & C and T&A

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10
Q

how are base pairs joined together?

A

by weak hydrogen bonds

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11
Q

what is a gene?

A

a section of DNA and the sequence of bases in a gene code for a specific protein

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12
Q

how are proteins made?

A

ribosomes

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13
Q

how do cells make proteins?

A

string amino acids together in a particular order

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14
Q

what are three bases called?

A

a triplet

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15
Q

where is DNA found?

A

in the nucleus

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16
Q

what is transcription?

A

when the two DNA strands unzip and the DNA is then used as a template to make the mRNA
(base pairing ensures its complementary)

17
Q

what happens after transcription?

A

the mRNA molecule moves out of the nucleus and joins with the ribosome

18
Q

how are amino acids brought to the ribosome?

A

molecules called tRNA

19
Q

what is the job of the ribosome?

A

to stick amino acids together in a chain to make a protein

20
Q

what is translation?

A

when the mRNA molecule moves out of the nucleus and joins the ribosome where amino acids are stuck together in a chain to make a protein

21
Q

how can mutations be beneficial?

A

produce new characteristics that is beneficial to an organisms

22
Q

how can mutations be harmful?

A

can causes genetic disorder

23
Q

what is a catalyst?

A

a substance that speeds up a reaction but isn’t taken up

24
Q

what are enzymes?

A

biological catalysts produced by living things

25
Q

why do enzymes have special shapes?

A

so that they can catalyse reactions

26
Q

what four thing so ew a animal cell have?

A

nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
mitochondria

additional biology (1 decks)

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