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GCSE Physics book revision cards > Topic 1-4 > Flashcards

Topic 1-4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Write down four energy stores.

A

Thermal
Kinetic
Gravitational Potential
Elastic Potential

GEEKS LUNCH

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2
Q

Describe how energy is transferred as a ball falls to the ground.

A

Accelerated by gravity. The gravitational force does work.

Energy transfer from gravitational potential energy store to its kinetic energy store.

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3
Q

Give the equation for calculating the amount of energy in an object’s kinetic energy store.

A

Ek = 1/2 x m x v(squared)

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4
Q

If energy is transferred to an object’s kinetic energy store, what happens to its speed?

A

The faster it goes.

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5
Q

Give the equation for finding the energy in an objects gravitational potential store.

A

Ep = m x g x h

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6
Q

What kind of energy store is energy transferred to when you compress a spring?

A

Elastic Potential Energy

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7
Q

What is the definition of the specific heat capacity of a material?

A

Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree celsius.

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8
Q

Give the equation that relates energy transferred and specific heat capacity.

A

Change in Thermal energy = m x c x (change in temperature)

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9
Q

Describe an experiment to find the specific heat capacity of a material.

A

1) Block of material with two holes in it.
2) Measure the mass of the block, wrap insulating paper.
3) Measure initial temperature.
4) Turn on power.
5) As block heats up take reading of temperature.
6) Take 10 readings and then turn off power supply.
7) Plot a graph.
8) Find gradient of graph. 1 / (gradient x the mass of the block.)

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10
Q

State the conservation of energy principle.

A

Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated, but can never be created or destroyed.

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11
Q

Define power and give two equation to calculate power.

A

Power is the rate of doing work,

P= E/t 
P = W/t
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12
Q

What are the units of power?

A

Watts

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13
Q

True or false? A high thermal conductivity means there is a high rate of energy transfer.

A

Conduction is the process where vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles.

Yes, high thermal conductivity transfers energy between their particles quickly.

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14
Q

How can you reduce unwanted energy transfers in a machine with moving, touching components?

A

Lubrication

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15
Q

Give four ways to prevent unwanted energy transfers in a home.

A

Cavity walls
Loft insulation
Double glazed windows
Draught excluders

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16
Q

True or false? Thicker walls make a house cool down quicker.

A

False, cool slower.

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17
Q

Describe an experiment you could do to investigate how good a material is as a thermal insulator.

A

Boil water, pour it into sealable container, measure mass of container. Use thermometer to measure initial temperature, seal it, measure final temp at end after some time.

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18
Q

What is the efficiency of an energy transfer? Give the equation that relates efficiency to power.

A

Efficiency = Useful output/ Total input

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19
Q

Name four renewable energy resources and four non-renewable energy resources.

A

Solar
Wind
Water waves
Geothermal

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20
Q

What is the difference renewable and non-renewable energy resources?

A

Renewable won’t run out, non- renewable will.

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21
Q

Give an example of how a renewable energy resource is used in everyday life.

A

Solar water heaters.

22
Q

Explain why solar power is considered to be a fairly reliable energy resource.

A

Sunny countries.

23
Q

True or false? Tidal barrages are useful for storing energy to be used during times of high demand.

A

True

24
Q

Describe one way of reducing the environmental impact of using fossil fuels.

A

Increase the use of renewable energy.

25
Q

Give one environmental benefit of using nuclear power.

A

Low emissions.

26
Q

Explain why the UK plans to use more renewable energy resources in the future.

A

Because its damaging to the environment to use fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are also running out.

27
Q

Define current and state an equation that links current, charge and time, with unites for each.

A

Current is the flow of electrical charge.

Q = I x t

28
Q

What is meant by potential difference and resistance in a circuit?

A

Potential difference is the driving force that pushes the charge around.

Resistance is anything that slows the flow down.

29
Q

Draw the circuit symbols for: a cell, a filament lamp, a diode, a fuse and an LDR.

A

Phone

30
Q

What is the equation that links potential difference, current and resistance?

A

V = I X R

31
Q

Explain how you would investigate how the length of a wire affects its resistance.

A

Use crocodile clips to record resistance of difference lengths of wire, use r = v/i to then work out resistance, set up diagram with ammeter and volt meter.

32
Q

What is an ohmic conductor?

A

Ohmic conductors have a constant resistance.

33
Q

Draw a circuit that could be used to investigate how the resistance of a filament bulb changes with the current through it.

A

Use a variable resistor. Voltmeter in parallel to component also have ammeter in series before.

34
Q

Name one linear component and one non-linear component.

A

Diode is non-linear(no relation between current and voltage

35
Q

What happens to the resistance of a thermistor as it gets hotter?

A

Resistance drops.

36
Q

True or false? Potential difference is shared between components in a series circuit.

A

Yes

37
Q

How does the current through each component vary in a series circuit?

A

Same

38
Q

How does potential difference vary between components connected in parallel?

A

Same

39
Q

Explain why adding resistors in parallel decreases the total resistance of a circuit, but adding them in series increases the total resistance.

A

Adding them in parallel means 1/r1 while series is r1 +r2

40
Q

Describe an experiment to investigate how adding resistors in series and parallel affects the total resistance of the circuit.

A

4 identical resistors
use ammeter to measure current,
add another resistor so now you have two,
do the same for parallel but put them in parallel.

41
Q

True or false? Mains supply electricity is an alternating current.

A

Mains supply is ac, battery supply is dc

42
Q

What is the potential difference and the frequency of the UK mains supply?

A

230v 50hz

43
Q

Name and give the colours of the three wires in a three-core cable. Why are they colour coded?

A

Yellow green = earth
Blue = neutral
Brown = live

Colours used to tell them apart.

44
Q

Give the potential difference for the three wires in a three-core mains cable.

A

Neutral - 0v
Live -230v
Earth- 0v

45
Q

Explain why touching the live wire is dangerous.

A

Can give you an electric shock

46
Q

State three equations that can be used to calculate electrical power.

A 
E = P x t
E = Q x v
P = V x I
P = I(squared) x R
P = E/t
47
Q

What is the power rating of an appliance?

A

Maximum safe power they can operate at.

48
Q

Explain why electricity is transferred by the national grid at a high pd but low current.

A

So that you don’t loose lots of energy, its cheaper to boost pd up and keep current low as it also doesn’t heat wires up.

49
Q

What are the functions of step-up and step-down transformers?

A

Step up is to increase potential difference.

Step down is to decrease potential difference.

50
Q

How does rubbing of materials cause static electricity build up?

A

Negatively charged electrons will be scraped off one and dumped on the other. This leaves the materials charged with a positive static charge on one end and an equal negative static charge on the other.

51
Q

True or false? Two positive charges attract each other.

In which direction do the arrows on electrical field point?

A

False, positive charge go out, negative charge go in

52
Q

Using the concept of electrical fields, explain how a build up of static electricity can cause a spark.

A

A high potential difference causes a strong electric field between the charged object and the earthed object.
The strong field causes electrons in the air particles to be removed (known as ionisation).
Air is normally an insulator, but when it is ionised it is much more conductive, so a current can flow through it. This is a spark.

GCSE Physics book revision cards (1 decks)

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