topic 1-3 Flashcards
how many types of energy stores are there?
8
chemical store
Energy stored as chemicals waiting to react.
kinetic store
Energy stored in objects that move.
gravitational pot
Energy stored in objects raised up against the force of gravity.
elastic pot
Energy stored in an object that have been stretched
internal store
energy stored in the movement of particles. It is a combination of the kinetic energy of the particles and the potential energy of particles that are apart from each other. Can be modified by heating or cooling.
nuclear store
energy stored in the nuclei of atoms that can fuse (nuclear fusion) or split (nuclear fission).
magnetic
energy stored in magnets that are attracting or repelling.
electrostatic
Energy stored in electric charges that are attracting or repelling.
mechanical
Energy transferred when a force moves through a distance.
electrical transfer
energy transferred when a charge moves.
radiation transfer
Energy transferred by electromagnetic radiation.
heat transfer
Energy transferred when an object is heated.
Fossil Fuels- renewable? uses? advantages? disadvantages?
Non-Renewable
Electricity, transport, heating
Reliable – electricity can be generated all of the time.
Relatively cheap way of generating electricity.
Produces carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that causes global warming.
Can produce sulphur dioxide, a gas that causes acid rain.
nuclear fuels- renewable? uses? advantages? disadvantages?
Non-Renewable
Electricity
Produces no carbon dioxide when generating electricity.
Reliable – electricity can be generated all of the time.
Produces nuclear waste that remains radioactive for thousands of years.
Expensive to build and decommission power stations.
bio fuels- renewable? uses? advantages? disadvantages?
Renewable
Heating, electricity
Carbon neutral.
Reliable – electricity can be generated all of the time.
Production of fuel may damage ecosystems and create a monoculture.
wind- renewable? uses? advantages? disadvantages?
Renewable
Electricity
No CO2 produced while generating electricity.
Unreliable – may not produce electricity during low wind.
Expensive to construct.
hydroelectric- renewable? uses? advantages? disadvantages?
Renewable
Electricity
No CO2 produced while generating electricity.
Blocks rivers stopping fish migration.
Unreliable – may not produce electricity during droughts.
geothermal- renewable? uses? advantages? disadvantages?
Renewable
Electricity, heating
Does not damage ecosystems.
Reliable source of electricity generation.
Fluids drawn from ground may contain greenhouse gases such as CO2 and methane. These contribute to global warming.
tidal- renewable? uses? advantages? disadvantages?
Renewable
Electricity
No CO2 produced while generating electricity.
Unreliable – tides vary.
May damage tidal ecosystem e.g. mudflats.
waves- renewable? uses? advantages? disadvantages?
Renewable
Electricity
No CO2 produced while generating electricity.
Unreliable – may not produce electricity during calm seas.
solar- renewable? uses? advantages? disadvantages?
Renewable
Electricity, heating
No CO2 produced while generating electricity.
Unreliable – does not produce electricity at night. Limited production on cloudy days.
Expensive to construct.
dissipatation
Energy becoming spread out instead of in a concentrated store. “Wasted” energy.
lubrication
A method of reducing unwanted energy transfers by application of a lubricant (e.g. oil) to reduce friction. Occurs in machines.
insulation
A method of reducing energy transfers by the use of insulators (non-conductive material). Occurs in buildings.
conservation of energy
The law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.
specific heat capcity
he energy needed to raise 1kg of a material by 1oC.
EQUATION: kinetic energy store
Kinetic energy = 0.5 x mass x velocity2
Ek = 0.5 m v2
EQ: grav pot energy store
Gravitational potential energy = mass x gravitational field strength x height
Ep = m g h
EQ: power (2 diff)
Power =energy transferred ÷ time
P = E
t
OR
Power = work done ÷ time
P = W
t
EQ: efficiency (1)
efficiency = useful energy output
total energy input
EQ: efficiency (2)
efficiency = useful power output
total power input
