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additional chemistry > Topic 1-2 > Flashcards

Topic 1-2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Isotopes are……

A

Different atomic forms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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2
Q

What does the atomic number show

A

Number of protons and therefore the number of electrons

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3
Q

What does the mass number show

A

Number of protons and neutrons

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4
Q

What did Mendeleev arrange the groups in order to

A

The properties and the properties of the compounds

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5
Q

How are elements with similar chemical properties ordered

A

Vertical groups

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6
Q

Why did Mendeleev leave gaps

A

Undiscovered elements

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7
Q

What did the rows show

A

Order of increasing atomic number
period number = same as number of electron shells
Properties change as you go along

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8
Q

What do columns snow

A

The group number
Similar properties
Number of electrons in outer shell
Properties (reactivity changes as you go down)

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9
Q

What structure do ionic compounds have

A

Regular tightly packed lattice structure

Produce compounds with similar structures

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10
Q

What forces of attraction are between oppositely charge ions

A

Strong Electrostatic forces

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11
Q

Name three characteristics of ionic compounds

A

High melting point
High boiling point
Conduct electricity when aqueous or molten

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12
Q

Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity

A

The ions separate and are all free to move around carrying electric current

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13
Q

What is needed to break the bonds of ionic compounds

A

Lots of energy

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14
Q

Name three common salts

A

Potassium ammonium and sodium

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15
Q

Are common salts soluble or insoluble

A

Soluble

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16
Q

Are nitrates soluble or insoluble

A

Soluble

17
Q

Are common chlorides soluble or insoluble and name two exceptions

A

Soluble

Except silver and lead chloride

18
Q

Are common sulphates soluble or insoluble and name these exceptions

A

Soluble

Except barium, calcium and lead sulphate

19
Q

Are common carbonates and hydroxides soluble or insoluble

A

Insoluble

Except sodium potassium and ammonium

20
Q

What is barium sulphate used for

A

X-rays to show up problems in the gut e.g. Blockages as it is opaque to x rays and is safely drunk as is insoluble and not absorbed by the blood stream is known as a barium meal

21
Q

What colour does sodium give in the flame test

A

Yellow

22
Q

What colour does potassium give in the flame test

A

Lilac

23
Q

What colour does calcium give

A

Brick red

24
Q

What colour does copper give in the flame test

A

Bluey-green

25
Q

Describe the flame test

A

Dip metal loop in hydrochloric acid and then rinse in distiller water to ensure there is no other ions on it
Get some of the element on the wire loop and put it under the flame
Record what colour it burns

26
Q

Acid and carbonate gives you ……….

A

Salt ,water and carbon dioxide

27
Q

What is the test for sulfate ions

A

Add dilute HCL followed by barium chloride solution

A white precipitate of barium sulphate will form showing that the original compound was a sulphate

28
Q

What is the test for chloride ions

A

Add dilute nitric acid followed by silver nitrate solution
Gives a white precipitate of silver chloride
Shows that chloride was used

29
Q

Why can spectroscopy be used to determine elements

A

Because each element produced different coloured flame patterns

30
Q

What has spectroscopy helped to discover

A

New elements as their patterns where unseen before

31
Q

Name three benefits of spectroscopy

A

Fast
Reliable
Can detect small amounts of element in a sample

32
Q

What is relative abundance

A

How much there is of the isotope compared to the total amount in the world

33
Q

Acid + carbonate gives

A

Salt+water+carbon dioxide

additional chemistry (4 decks)

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