Topic 1-2 Flashcards
Isotopes are……
Different atomic forms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
What does the atomic number show
Number of protons and therefore the number of electrons
What does the mass number show
Number of protons and neutrons
What did Mendeleev arrange the groups in order to
The properties and the properties of the compounds
How are elements with similar chemical properties ordered
Vertical groups
Why did Mendeleev leave gaps
Undiscovered elements
What did the rows show
Order of increasing atomic number
period number = same as number of electron shells
Properties change as you go along
What do columns snow
The group number
Similar properties
Number of electrons in outer shell
Properties (reactivity changes as you go down)
What structure do ionic compounds have
Regular tightly packed lattice structure
Produce compounds with similar structures
What forces of attraction are between oppositely charge ions
Strong Electrostatic forces
Name three characteristics of ionic compounds
High melting point
High boiling point
Conduct electricity when aqueous or molten
Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity
The ions separate and are all free to move around carrying electric current
What is needed to break the bonds of ionic compounds
Lots of energy
Name three common salts
Potassium ammonium and sodium
Are common salts soluble or insoluble
Soluble
Are nitrates soluble or insoluble
Soluble
Are common chlorides soluble or insoluble and name two exceptions
Soluble
Except silver and lead chloride
Are common sulphates soluble or insoluble and name these exceptions
Soluble
Except barium, calcium and lead sulphate
Are common carbonates and hydroxides soluble or insoluble
Insoluble
Except sodium potassium and ammonium
What is barium sulphate used for
X-rays to show up problems in the gut e.g. Blockages as it is opaque to x rays and is safely drunk as is insoluble and not absorbed by the blood stream is known as a barium meal
What colour does sodium give in the flame test
Yellow
What colour does potassium give in the flame test
Lilac
What colour does calcium give
Brick red
What colour does copper give in the flame test
Bluey-green
