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additional physics > Topic 1,2,3 > Flashcards

Topic 1,2,3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is induction

A

Using charged object to force charges in an uncharged object to move

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2
Q

Current is

A

The rate of flow of charge around the circuit.

Will only flow through a component if there is a voltage across that component

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3
Q

What is voltage

A

(Potential difference) is the driving force that pushes the current round
Like “electric pressure”

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4
Q

What is resistance

A

Anything in the circuit which slows the flow down

Ohms

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5
Q

What happens if u increase resistance

A

Less current will flow

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6
Q

What happens if you increas the voltage

A

More current will flow

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7
Q

Potential difference is

A

The energy transferred per unit charge passed

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8
Q

What happens when an electrical charge goes through a change in potential difference

A

Energy is transferred

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9
Q

What happens when the charge reaches a component in the circuit

A

It gives up its energy when it ‘falls’ through any voltage drop

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10
Q

The bigger the voltage of the battery

A

The energy that will be supplied to the circuit for every coulomb of charge which flows around it
As charge is raised “higher” at the start so more will be displaced

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11
Q

Current is ……..In a circuit (and junction)

A

Conserved

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12
Q

Ammeter is in a ……

A

Series

In line with a component

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13
Q

What kind of circuit must a voltmeter be in

A

Parallel around the component under test

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14
Q

Component, ammeter and variable resister are in a series so can be placed in…….
Whereas voltmeter must me in…..

A

Any order

Parallel

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15
Q

Resistance of an LDR in bright light and darkness

A

Bright-resistance falls

Darkness-resistance highest

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16
Q

A thermistor in hot and cold conditions

A

Hot-resistance drops

Cold-resistance goes up

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17
Q

What happens when there is an electrical current in a resistor

A

Energy transfer which heats the resistor
Due to electrons colliding with ions in the lattice that make up the resistor as they move through
Giving ions extra energy, emitted by heat, increasing resistors resistance

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18
Q

Problems with electrical current

A

Heating effect makes electrical circuits less efficient as energy wasted as heat
Cause components to melt, circuit stop working or not properly

19
Q

How do fuses protect circuits

A

They melt and break the circuit if the current get too high

20
Q

Give an example of where the heating effect of resistors if good

A

Toasters continue coil of wire it’s high resistance
Current passes through and temp increases so glows giving of infrared (heat) radiation which cooks bread
Also lightbulbs

21
Q

The difference between speed and velocity

A

Speed is how fast you’re going with no regard for direction

Velocity must also have direction specified. The distance in a particular direction is called DISPLACEMENT

22
Q

Acceleration is

A

How quickly the velocity is changing

Can be change in speed or direction or both

23
Q

Both acceleration and velocity (and displacement) are vector quantities so have

A

Magnitude and direction

24
Q

In a distance time graph gradient =

A

Speed

25
Q

In a velocity time graph, gradient =

A

Acceleration

26
Q

In a velocity time graph the distance travelled equal to

A

The area under the graph

27
Q

In stationary objects all forces are

A

Balanced due to gravity (or weight) acting downwards causing a reaction force from the surface pushing the object back up
Equal horizontal forces to prevent acceleration

28
Q

In steady horizontal velocity and steady vertical velocity all forces

A

Must be balanced

Off unbalanced causes excels ration not steady speed

29
Q

Horizontal and vertical acceleration causes forces to be

A

Unbalanced
Length of arrow longer showing overall resultant force
Perpendicular direction forces are still balanced

30
Q

What is weight and what is it caused by

A

Force measured in newtons (N)
Caused by full of gravity
Will be different anywhere in universe

31
Q

Mass is not

A

A force
Is the amount of ‘stuff’ in an object
Same value anywhere in universe
Measured in kilograms

32
Q

Falling objects in a vacuole accelerate at

A

The same rate

33
Q

A vacuum is a place

A

That doesn’t contain any matter

34
Q

The accelerating force acting on all objects is

A

Gravity

35
Q

Why do two objects fall at the same rate in space(vacuum)

A

Because there is no air in a vacuum so no air resistance to slow down the falling objects

36
Q

How does terminal velocity accure

A

On earth when an object first sets of they have more force accelerating them than resistance slowing them down
As speed increases as does air resistance
Reducing acceleration so that thus forces are equal
When balanced object won’t accelerate any more has reached maximum speed or terminal velocity

37
Q

What happens if object a exerts a force on object B

A

Object B exerts the exact opposite force on object A

38
Q

What is action and reaction forces

A

Action- you pushing something e.g shopping trolly

Reaction- trolley pushing back against you

39
Q

What happens if there is zero resulting force acting on a body (forces are balanced)

A

Body will remain at rest or else if already moving will carry on at the same velocity

40
Q

When something is moving at a constant velocity then

A

The forces on it must be balanced

No resultant force

41
Q

To keep going at a steady speed the must be

A

Zero resultant force

42
Q

If the resulting force acting on a body is not zero (not equal)

A

It will accelerate in the direction of the resultant force (or decelerate)

43
Q

Name the five different forms of acceleration

A 
Starting
Stopping
Speeding up
Slowing down
Changing direction
44
Q

Name three factors effecting the rate of acceleration

A

Bigger resultant force, greater acceleration or deceleration
Bigger mass of object, smaller a creation
To get big mass to accelerate as fast as a small mass needs bigger resultant force

additional physics (4 decks)

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