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Biology end of year 9 exam > Topic 1 / 2 > Flashcards

Topic 1 / 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What 3 key features only occur in plant cells?

A

Cell wall , chloroplasts, permanent vacuole.

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2
Q

What are the 6 stages of mitosis?

A

Interphase- DNA copies itself ready for mitosis.

Prophase- copies condense to become more visible
and the membrane around the nucleus disappear.

Metaphase- chromosomes and their copies line up in the middle of the cell.

Anaphase- chromosomes and their copies are pulled to different ends of the cell.

Telophase- new membranes form around the chromosomes at each end of the cell.

Cytokinesis- the cell membrane pinches in and divides into two identical daughter cells.

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3
Q

What does a plant cell have?

A

Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Mitochondria

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4
Q

What does an animal cell have?

A 
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes 
Cytoplasm
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5
Q

What does a bacteria cell have?

A 
Cell wall
Cell membrane 
Cell capsule
Flagellum
Plasmid 
Nucleoid
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6
Q

what does both plant and animal cells have in common?

A

Cell membrane

Mitochondria

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7
Q

whats the difference between the eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell?

A

Eukaryotic cell contains a nucleus and prokaryotic does not.

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8
Q

Give examples of eukaryotic cells

A

Plant, animal, fungi and protists

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9
Q

Give examples of prokaryotic cells

A

Bacteria

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10
Q

What is the function of white blood cells

A

Defence against disease and it’s part of the immune system.

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11
Q

What’s protease?

A

Protease is an enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids

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12
Q

What’s lipase?

A

Lipase breaks down lipids into a molecule called glycerol and fatty acids

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13
Q

What is the equation for magnification

A

Magnification = Image size / actual size

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14
Q

What is amylase?

A

Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch

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15
Q

What cell differentiation?

A

It’s the process in which a cell develops new subcellular structures to let it before my specific function.

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16
Q

How big are eukaryotic cells?

A

10 - 100 micro meters

17
Q

How do you calculate the real or actual size of a specimen calculator with microscope?

A

Image size in (with microscope) / magnification

18
Q

List the three Digestion enzymes

A

Lipase protease amylase

19
Q

List two things mitochondria does

A

Releases energy and where aerobic respiration takes place

20
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Enzymes increase the speed of reactions. They are also called biological catalysts

21
Q

What’s the difference between magnification and resolution?

A

Magnification is how many times larger and images in the microscope and resolution is the ability to distinguish to more objects that are close together.

22
Q

List factors that affect enzymes

A

Temperature

pH

23
Q

Why does temperature affect enzyme activity?

A

Enzymes denature at high temperatures the rate falls rapidly temperature can also cause reactions to increase and temperature increases however if the temperature gets too high above the optimum temperature the enzyme decreases denatures.

24
Q

Why does pH affect enzymes?

A

PH affects enzymes because as changes in pH The enzyme denatures and the rate is low. Once the pH goes beyond the optimum rate an enzyme cannot work. Each enzyme works best at a specific pH value.

25
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Diffusion is when particles in a liquid and a gas move from an area of high concentration to a area of low concentration.

26
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules from a region Where the water molecules are higher concentration to a region where they are in lower concentration through a partially permeable membrane.

27
Q

What does gallbladder produce?

A

Bile

28
Q

What does the small intestine do

A

It absorbs small food particles

29
Q

What does the large intestine do

A

It absorbs excess water back into the body

30
Q

What’s amylase?

A

Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch into simple sugars

31
Q

What does the salivary gland produce

A

saliva which contains enzymes

32
Q

What does the pancreas do

A

Produces enzymes

33
Q

What does the liver do

A

Helps break down fats and old blood cells

34
Q

What’s a catalyst

A

Speeds up a reaction

35
Q

Describe the process of cell cycle

A

Cell growth
DNA replication
Preparation for mitosis
Cell division- mitosis

Biology end of year 9 exam (1 decks)

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