Topic 1 Flashcards
is a specialized computer system designed to perform dedicated functions within a larger mechanical or electrical system.
Embedded System
Two core components of Embedded System:
- Hardware
- Software
is a combination of computer hardware and software—and perhaps additional parts, either mechanical or electronic—designed to perform a dedicated function.
Embedded System
A personal computer is not designed to perform a specific function. Rather, it is able to do many different things.
General-Purpose Computer
An integrated circuit (IC) that combines a CPU, memory (both RAM and ROM), and input/output peripherals (like timers, ADCs, UARTs) on a single chip.
Microcontroller
A more general-purpose CPU that requires external memory and peripherals to function.
Microprocessor
Essential for storing data and instructions.
Memory
Stores permanent data like the operating system, firmware, and configuration settings
ROM
Used for temporary storage during program execution. Stores variables, intermediate results, and data read from sensors.
RAM
Gather information from the environment (e.g., temperature, pressure, light, motion).
Sensors
Control external devices (e.g., motors, valves, displays, LEDs).
Actuators
Enable communication with other systems (e.g., UART, SPI, I2C, Ethernet, Wi-Fi).
Communication Interfaces
This is the set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. It’s specifically designed for the particular task of the embedded system.
Firmware / Embedded Software
performs one specific task repeatedly.
Single Functionality
Adheres to strict timing constraints.
Real Time Operation
Limited processing power, memory, and energy consumption.
Resource Constraints
Operates continuously and reliably over extended periods.
Reliability and Stability
Functions as part of a broader mechanical or electrical system.
Embedded in Larger System
Embedded systems are designed to execute a single, well-defined task or a limited set of closely related tasks repeatedly.
Dedicated Functionality
Many embedded systems must meet strict timing deadlines to ensure functionality and safety.
Real-Time Constraints
Embedded systems typically operate with limited resources.
Resource Constraints
Embedded systems must operate reliably and consistently over long periods, often in harsh environments.
Reliability and Robustness
Embedded systems are typically integrated into larger mechanical or electrical systems, forming an integral part of a larger whole.
Integration with larger System
Embedded systems are often designed to be small and lightweight to fit into confined spaces within larger systems.
Compact Size and Weight
Embedded systems are typically designed to be cost-effective, considering both the initial development costs and the ongoing operational costs.
Cost Effectiveness
Many embedded systems utilize application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to optimize performance and reduce costs.
Application-Specific Hardware
Embedded systems are constantly evolving with advancements in technology, such as increased processing power, reduced power consumption, and integration of artificial intelligence.
Continuous Evolution
Increasingly, sustainability is a key consideration in the design and development of embedded systems.
Sustinability Considerations
is to control the voltage given to the Arduino board and stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and other elements.
Voltage Regulator
PWM meaning:
Pulse Width Modulation
