TOPIC 1 Flashcards
Def of Albedo
the fraction of sunlight a surface reflects
Which has a higher albedo, a dark surface or light surface?
light surface ex snow
What percent of the sun’s energy is reflected from the clouds and atmosphere, water, and land?
30%
What percent of the sun’s energy is absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds?
19%
What percent of the sun’s energy is absorbed by the Earth’s surface?
51%
What percent of the sun’s energy reaches the ground to be used for photosynthesis?
1-2%
What do all organisms require growth for?
reproduction, growth, and tissue maintenance
When is Chemosynthesis used?
Organism that live in areas without light ex deepest parts of ocean
What do photosynthesis and chemosynthesis have in common?
Both support ecosystem as primary producers and provide energy for consumers
What is different about photosynthesis and chemosynthesis?
photosynthesis uses sunlight and is performed by plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, occurs in chloroplast and produces O2; chemosynthesis is performed by bacteria, does NOT require sunlight, and produces sulphur or nitrogen as byproduct
Why are producers essential to the food chain?
Consumers canNOT capture sun energy directly so they rely on feeding off producers
Def of herbivore
eat plants/producers
Def of carnivore
eat animals/herbivores
Def of omnivore
eat both plants and animals
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
energy canNOT be created or destroyed but can change forms
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
energy is lost as heat
How much energy is lost at each trophic level?
80-90%
Name the energy of each trophic level in the pyramid of energy (starting at producer)
Producers, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer, top consumer
What kind of system is Earth considered?
Closed system
What is the difference between a food chain and food web?
A food chain is a linear pathway of energy moving through, compared to a food web which are the connections of a variety of food chains
Def of decomposers
What are the three types of pyramid?
Pyramid numbers, biomass, and energy
What is the pyramid of biomass?
the dry mass of living organisms per unit of area (excludes water)
What is the pyramid of energy?
represents the amount of energy that is transferred through each trophic level (most accurate pyramid)
